Motivation chapter 2

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

explain the different states of the opponent process theory?: intial affective process aroused is state A, the process that is automatically aroused by A-state is called B-state; the 2 states combines to produce a single affective state called the manifest affect
temperment: genetic basis related to stable tendencies toward having positive or negative affect (ex: introversion/extroversion)
what are the 4 types of rewards? (2 rewards, 2 punishers): hope, disapointment, fear, relief
sypathetic portion of auto. nerv. system: fight or flight
what is the left hemisphere of the brain mainly involved in? right hemisphere?: sequential, analytic activities such as language; spatial situations, 'holistic impressions', emotional recognition and expression
what is the Facial Action Coding System?: coding of specific muscles that contract during different facial expressions
circumplex model of emotion: used to describe dimensional theories of emotion beause the emotion plots often form a circule with emotions blending into each other
how does cognitive-arousal and excitation transfer theory differ from each other?: mistaken attributions occur by accident in ex.trans.theory not as result of search for cause of arousal (cog.arous)/ misattribution occurs when peple are becoming less aware of arousal (ex.trans)
how do we distinguish between different emotions?: by analyzing antecedent and consquent conditions (meaning of emotion is embedded in conditions under which emotion occurs)
What was william James' theory of how emotion and actions work?: emotional experience is the perception of the response to the situation (see bear, run, then we feel afraid)
what does reason do?: helps us to determine which actions will be to our benefit (pleasure) or harm (discomfort)
What 5 things did Walter cannon argue to discredit james-lange theory?: 1. seperating viscera from nervous system does not change emotional behaviour 2. visceral changes occur in different emotional states (inceased heart rate for anger and excitment) 3. viscera are insensitive structures 4. visceral changes occur too slowly to be the source of sudden emotional change 5. artificial induction of visceral changes does not produce strong emotions
which neurotransmitter is related to wanting and which is related to liking?: wanting=dopamine/ liking=endorphins
what is the drawback of treating feelings as a single bipolar dimension?: you can only feel one emotion at a time either pleasant or unpleasant
which hemisphere of the brain dominates negative emotion? positive emotion?: right hemisphere=negative/ left hemisphere=positive
what part of the nervous system did william james emphasize in regards to emotion?: sympathetic (fight/flight)---physiological changes
Valin's attribution theory: perception of physiological change is a sufficient condition for experienced emotion whether or not hte perception is accurate; if we think we have been aroused we can interpret this arousal as emotion (study was false heartrate info given to subjects)
Opponent process theory: a situation that arouses positive affect aslo leads automatically to negative affect and vise versa
somatic nervous system: regulates interactions with environment
how do emotions relate to mood?: emotions more brief and intense than moods; emotions call for actions described as approach/avoidance
what are the 8 ways that we can measure physiology changes? (what type of body changes happen): 1. heart rate 2. blood pressure 3. galvanic skin response 4. respiration rate 5. blood volume change 6. perspiration 7. muscle tension 8. skin temperature
what are the 3 ways to measure emotion?: subjective (personal description), behavioural (observable behaviour), physiological (internal changes)
what is the cannon bard theory?: that emotion and response can happen independently after perception; one is able to react to a stimulus only after experiencing the related emotion EX: afraid of heights, travel up elevator and experience fear, the perception of fear strengthens the physical reaction and we see physiological change
at what age to infants begin to distinguish adult facial expressions and respond to them?: 3 months
cognitive-arousal theory: percieved emotion is joint function of arousal and cognition with which to label the arousal; if either is missing there is no emotional experience
before william james what was the old view of how our emotions and actions worked?: emotion is aroused by event and then we act (see bear, afraid, run)
extrapyramidal motor system: controls involuntary emotional responses
what are the 3 different aspects of affective experience?: temperament, mood, emotion
why is special about the locations where pleasurable stimulation effects occur?: those areas utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter which produces pleasurable effects
what is the problem with verbal behaviour?: language is often inadquate to convey emotional experience
what are the locations in the brain of the pleasurable stimulation effects?: medial forebrain bundle, lateral hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area
non-verbal behaviour: behaviour that can readily be seen by the naked eye such as body movements or facial expressions
where does the dopamine system connect to in the brain? where is this located?: endorphin system in the nucleus acumbens
parasymphathetic portion of auto. nerv. system: concerned with digestive activity
what is another term used for the word 'feelings'?: affect
excitation-transfer theory: when arousal occurs it takes a period of time for arousal to decay and while its decaying a person may incorrectly identify the source of arousal
what are 'pleasure centers'?: areas in the brain that are excited by any stimulus that would be found to be rewarding
what is the limbic system?: another name for Papez circuit; set of pathways in core of brain that control emotional experience and behaviour
what did carl lange add to william james' theory?: restricted his theory to the vascular system changes
what are 3 things related to emotion that the amygdala is important for?: expressing emotion, recognizing emotional expression, learning emotional associations
what do endorphins act as on the brain?: key neurotransmitter for 'reward'
what is the argument against discrete emotional theory?: emotions are culture-specific and it depends on whether the emotions differ or whether the conditions leading to the emotions differ
pyramidal motor system: controls voluntary emotional responses
what are cultural display rules?: cultural rules that tell us when/how we ought to express emotions depending on social cues
what are the two divisions of the nervous system?: CNS (brain/spinal cord) and PNS
what are the 3 characteristics of mood?: weak but pervasive affective experiences; no specific object produces the mood; relatively enduring time period but not as long as temperment
where does the amygdala also connect to? what signifigance does this have?: frontal lobes; important for planning future events
attribution theory: conerned with how people seek/find causes for behaviour because these interpretations are necessary for an emotional experience
in dimensional theories of emotion what are the 3 levels?: pleasant-unpleasant, degree of arousal, dominance-submission
what does Discrete Emotion Theories assume?: there are a small number of core emotions whihc are specific biologically deteremined responses whose expression and recognition is the same for all individuals; around 7-10 core emotions
what is the identity theory of emotion?: one to one relation (identity) bwetween experienced emotion and physiology
who was the first to do modern research on human emotion?: William James
autonomic nervous system: regulates internal body activities
what is the neurotransmitter related to negative system of emotion?: serotonin
emotion: all processes that involve the assessment of value
what is the mere exposure effect?: idea that cognition isnt necessay for emotion and that people report liking stimuli more if they have been previously exposed to it even though they dont rememer the earlier exposure (shown in studying of priming faces with chinese characters)
what are the 3 main measurments of emotions?: verbal behaviour, nonverbal behaviour, physiology

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 57