Foundations of Gerontology 2

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How many people will be over the age of 65 by the year 2030?: 1 in 5
What is social gerontology?: The subfield of gerontology that looks at the nonphysiological aspects of aging.
A professional gerontologist describes herself as a person who looks at the broad, nonphysiological aspects of aging. Of which subfield would she be a member? a. Social Gerontology b. Sociology c. Social psychology d. Social bio: a. Social Gerontology
Aging is a. a physiological process common only to humans. b. a natural life span process common to all living organisms. c. a naturalistic process common only to humans. d. a sequential physiological process that occurs at the: b. a natural life span process common to all living organisms.
Mrs. Jones goes to the Social Security office to apply for Medicare. The intake worker asks her to provide a copy of her birth certificate to prove eligibility. The intake worker is using which definition of aging? a. functional b. psycho: c. chronological
When discussing biological aging, scientists a. focus on what happens before maturity is reached. b. have identified a unifying theory that explains the mechanics underlying the biological phenomena of aging. c. know that the only fa: c. know that the only fact that can be stated for certain is that all living organisms will eventually die.
Mrs. Smith has gray hair, walks with a shuffle, and has wrinkled skin. The store clerk refers to her as "that little old lady." The clerk is using which definition of aging? a. chronological b. functional c. psychological: b. functional
Mrs. Summer's mother and grandmother both died from breast cance. She expresses concern that this will also happen to her. What type of age-related effect is she describing? a. intrinsic effect b. extrinsic effect c. cohotort effect<: a. intrinsic effect
A gerontologist develops a research study that compares the frequency of social contacts among the same sample of women over a thirty-year period. Measures are taken after the women reach 20, 30, 40, and 50 years of age. This type of research design is c: b. longitudinal study
A researcher is comparing the frequency of diabetes between a group of 60-year-old men and a group of 70-year-old men. This type of design is a. cross-sectional b. longitudinal c. period analysis d. experimental analysis: a. cross-sectional
Which of the following statements regarding validity and reliability is true? a. a measure can be valid without being reliable. b. both validity and reliability are always present in all studies. c. a valid measure gives stable resul: d. a measure can never be valid without being reliable
Ageism is a. using a combination of positive traits to describe older adults. b. negative stereotypes of someone based on his or her advanced chronological years. c. the life transitions of older adults d. maintaining friendshi: b. negative stereotypes of someone based on his or her advanced chronological years.
Jan Jones is a gerontologist and a strong program advocate for older adults. When she presents her arguments to lawmakers, she routinely focuses on the problems of older adults in order to increase public sympathy. This behavior can a. help th: d. exaggerate the needs of older adults and result in an unintentional reinforcement of negative stereotypes.
Which of the following is a fact about aging in the United States? a. All old people live an isolated life b. retirement undermines people's physical health. c. the United States has no mandatory retirement age. d. older adults: c. the United States has no mandatory retirement age
The belief that the nature of preindustrialized societies gave older adults certain advantages is one of the tenets of which aging theory? a. modernization b. psychological c. disengagement d. continuity: a. modernization
According to the 2000 United States census, the older population has a. increased to one older adult for every five Americans. b. increased only in urban areas. c. increased to one older adult for every eight americans. d. remai: c. increased to one older adult for every eight americans
The trend in aging in the United States shows that people age 65 to 75 a. are not living as long as they did twenty years ago b. show an increase in frequency of acute illnesses. c. are part of the baby bust generation d. are li: d. are living longer
Over a forty-year period, the number of old-old people in the United States has a. decreased due to increased mortality from acute illnesses. b. remained stable in all areas of the country c. become the fastest-growing segment of the: c. become the fastest-growing segment of the elderly population
Which of the following is one of the three basic reasons for the growth of America's older population? a. a large number of people who were born when the birthrate was high are now reaching age 65. b. World War I immigrants aare now reach: a. a large number of people who were born when the birthrate was high are now reaching age 65.
What factor is expected to cause labor shortages in the year 2010? a. increased technology will decrease labor needs. b. the baby bust generation begins to retire. c. the baby boom generation begins to retire. d. economic downtu: c. the baby boom generation begins to retire.
Population pyramids are useful in studying aing and populations because they provide a. written summaries of health-related trends among older adults. b. graph-based comparisons between age and sex categories within a single population an: b. graph-based comparisons between age and sex categories within a single population and between populations.
One of the most readily available population measurements and one that is least subject to manipulation is a. percentage of older people in the population. b. life expectancy c. aged dependency ration. d. total dependency ration: a. percentage of older people in the population.
The total dependency ratio is the a. ratio of the number of infants under the age of one to the total number of employable people age 15 to 64. b. total youth and aged populations compared to the population of working age. c. ratio o: b. total youth and aged populations compared to the population of working age.
In terms of population documentation, the U.S. Bureau of the Census asks that, on census survey forms, Hispanic Americans or Latinos a. identify themselves as hispanic b. select any racial category c. identify themselves as Latinos o: b. select any racial category
In terms of diversity, the elderly population in the United States is a. becoming more racially and ethnically diverse at a faster reate than the total U.S. population. b. experiencing no change in racial makeup. c. becoming more rac: c. becoming more racially and ethnically diverse but not as rapidly as the total U.S. population
In terms of jobs, housing , and access to health care, Native Americans a. are better off than African Americans b. are worse off than African Americans c. are better off than Japanese Americans d. experience a comparable place: b. are worse off than African Americans
Mrs. Williams is a 75-year-old African American woman with a third-grade education. She has worked minimum-wage jobs with no retirement benefits for her entire life. This woman's situation is a. not a common situation b. an example of mul: b. an example of multiple jeopardy.
Which of the following factors affect a population's sex ratio? a. changes in the leading causes and average ages of death b. marital status c. level of education d. income level od primary breadwinner: a. changes in the leading causes and average ages of death
Mrs. Maybe's husband just died. He was a blue-collar worker with a modest retirement income. Mrs. Maybe, who is 65, may be expected to a. remarry within five years. b. live alone with a stable income for the rest of her life. c. love: d. live alone with a sharply reduced income and at high risk for poverty.
A true statement about the educational attainment of older Americans is that the a. level of education increases for each succeeding generation. b. youngest older people (age 65 - 74) have the lowest educational levels. c. level of e: a. level of education increases for each succeeding generation.
The U.S. poverty level a. allows for regional variations in the costs of of food and health care. b. allows for cost increases in such areas as rent and child care. c. is based only on an estimate of the cost of food and is weighted: c. is based only on an estimate of the cost of food and is weighted for the number of persons in a hosuehold.
Women receive less retirement income than men for all of the following reasons except a. changes in family structure. b. declining rates if marriage. c. maintenance of consistent patterns of work. d. high divorce rates.: c. maintenance of consistent patterns of work.
The economic resources identified by the federal government as needed by older Americans for an effective retirement are: A. personal savings, private pensions, and Social Security B. Social Security and Supplemental Security Insurance: A. personal savings, private pensions, and Social Security
Over the last sixteen years, labor force participation for older adults has A. not changed in terms of retirement age B. changed significantly with a trend toward early retirement C. changed significantly with a trend for older peopl: B. changed significantly with a trend toward early retirement
Since 1965, the median retirement age in the United States has A. consistently decreased B. increased for men C. increased for both men and women D. remained the same: A. consistently decreased
The geographic distribution of older adults in the United States tends to be concentrated in A. the Northwest and Florida B. Florida, Arizona, and Northeast C. states with high fertility rates D. the most populous states: D. the most populou states
During any one year, the mobility patterns of older adults A. reflect those of other adult age groups B. are considerably higher than other age groups C. make up less than 4 percent of all people who move in the United States D.: C. make up less than 4 percent of all people who move in the United States
Which four diseases account for approximately 60 percent of all chronic conditions reported by community-based older adults? A. arthritis, hypertension, hearing impairments, and heart disease B. hypertension, diabetes, vision problems, an: A. arthritis, hypertension, hearing impairments, and heart disease
Reports of individual health status A. are consistent across races B. show consistent levels of health insurance coverage across age and income levels C. vary by the race of the repondent D. are not related to such areas as chro: C. vary by the race of the respondent
Successful medication management among older adults is A. simple due to their limited use of prescription medications B. significant for many older adults due to the number of medications used and changes insensory abilities C. probl: B. significant for many older adults due to the number of medications used and changes in sensory abilities
Which of the following countries currently has the highest female life expectancy? A. Australia B. United States C. India D. Japan: D. Japan
Physical aging involves A. an increase in the viability of the body B. a decrease in the viability of the body and an increase in its vulnerability to disease C. cellular-level changes that occur at the same rate and at the same time: B. a decrease in the viability of the body and an increase in its vulnerability to disease
Which of the following is one of the three common factors identified with the aging process? A. an increase ability to cope with one's environment B. discreet age-related changes that are unique to each individual in a species C. red: D. common age-related dhanges to a species that are inescapable processes of aging
Senescence A. refers to prereproductive growth in children B. increases the survival capacity of individual organisms and decreases the probability of an early death C. refers to the process of becoming old and generally refers to po: C. refers to the process of becoming old and generally refers to postreproductive changes
Which of the following is not a quality of physically based aging? A. to be part of the aging process, a phenomenon must be universal B. the aging process comes on rapidly from outside the body C. the aging process comes on gradually: B. The aging process comes on rapidly from outside the body
The term that refers to the maximum length of life that is biologically possible for a given species is A. life expectancy at birth B. age changes C. life expectancy D. life span: D. life span
One of the two general stategies gerontologists believe can increase life expectancy is A. decreasing the death rate from copd B. identifying the biochemical aspects of aging in order to discover the factors controlling the rate of aging<: B. identifying the biochemical aspects of aging in order to discover the factors controlling the rate of aging
Physiologically, the aging cardiovascular system has increased difficulty managing unusual burdens on the heart. Behaviorally, this age-related change could result in A. heart attacks and strokes due to the increased workload placed on the hea: A. heart attacks and strokes due to the increased workload placed on the heart
In this theory of aging, the body is likened to a machine that functions less efficiently with prolonged use and numerous insults. What is the name of this theory? A. fixed amount of time theory B. wear and tear theory C. declining e: B. wear and theory
The advantage of this theory of aging is that it can explain the differential rate of cell division in various animals and the consistency with which cell populations double their numbers from sample to sample. What is the name of this theory?: A. Genetic theory of programmed aging
According to this theory of aging, unstable oxygen molecules are produced that join to various proteins and create biologically abnormal molecules. Over time, the accumulation of these ineffective abnormal molecules impairs the functional capacity of an: C. Free radical theory
The theory of unresolved stress suggests that A. disease-causing stress often interacts with aging to accelerate degeneration B. a decrease in levels of controlling hormones results in increased stress C. dendrites and synapses decli: A. disease-causing stress often interacts with aging to accelerate degeneration
The amount of a person's physical energy is directly related to the A. capacity of the body's blood, organs, and other bodily systems to deliver oxygen and other nutrients throughout the body and remove waste products B. body's increased: A. capacity of the body's blood, organs, and other bodily systems to deliver oxygen and other nutrients throughout the body and remove waste products
The most common changes in physical appearance due to age (such as aging skin and graying hair) are significant as A. an outward sign of the declining health of a person B. a symbol of membership in the category of an older adult person: B. a symbol of membership in the category of an older adult person
Jane Brown is a 54-year-old woman who complains of irregular periods, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and a variety of emotional reactions not common to her personality. The most probable physical event occurring to her is A. depression B.: C. menopause
Health is often described as occurring on a continuum. Which of the following describes one of the extremes of that continuum? A. for people who are not ill or impaired, health is a neutral factor in their lives B. a health condition beco: C. the person experiences complete well-being where there is both an absence of disease and the presence of the vitality found with a high-functioning mind and body
An objective measure of health is defined as A. documentation of the tasks that a person can or cannot perform B. global assessment of health based on the patient's self-reports C. the family's report of the older adult's health stat: D. statistical measures that identify the prevalence of health conditions among a group or for specific individuals
Mr. Peterson has been hospitalized for three weeks with bacterial pneumonia. He would be described as having A. a chronic condition B. an unstable illness C. a condition that needs to be stabilized not cured D. an acute conditio: D. an acute condition
John Spencer is an 80-year-old man who has been diagnosed with dementia. Family and friends would have to be prepared to cope with which group of symptoms related to the disease? A. depression, cancer, incoherent speech B. loss of memory,: C. depression, loss of memory, incoherent speech
Chronic conditions among old people A. can be long-term, but are not necessarily disabling B. are not the leading cause of disability in old age C. have a sudden onset D. are always long-term and disabling: A. can be long-term, but are not necessarily disabling
Two of the leading causes of chronic conditions among the elderly are A. obesity and cataracts B. arthritis and hypertension C. pneumonia and injuries from falls D. hypertension and infections: B. arthritis and hypertension
Which disease in now being referred to as an epidemic among the Native American population? A. diabetes B. cancer C. obesity D. congestive heart failure: A. diabetes
Examples of reversible dementias in older adults include those caused by all of the follwoing except A. nutritional deficiencies B. alcoholism C. brain tumors D. Alzheimer's disease: D. Alzheimer's disease
Older adults who are financially and socially disadvantaged are reported to suffer the greatest stress in later life. In terms of its impact on mental health, which of the following pieces of information is used to support this statement? A. r: D. higher rates of psychosis and hospitalizations among the older disadvantaged
One projected reason that older adults may develop serious drinking problems in old age is A. decreased leisure time B. loneliness C. a lifelong pattern of excessive drinking D. increased financial resources: B. loneliness
Secondary depression in older adults is the result of A. a sudden illness B. death of a family member C. side effects of medications D. loss of income: C. side effects of medications
Which of the following is one of the reasons there are racial disparities in the health of older adult minorities? A. at a younger age, minorities are less likely to be covered by health insurance and have access to health care B. Older m: A. at a younger age, minorities are less likely to be covered by health insurance and have access to health care
Older adults may shy away from professional attention to their mental health needs for all of the following reasons except A. fear that psychiatric visit may precipitate commitment to a nursing home B. supportive response for such care fr: B. supportive response for such care from their family and friends
One of the important factors in the labor force reduction seen after a person reaches the age of 45 is A. career dissatisfaction B. geographic relocation of spouse C. reductions in force D. disability: D. disability
The American disability movement has A. focused its attention on middle-aged adults B. made significant improvements for older adults C. tended to focus on younger disabled people D. allowed older adult to escape from social mar: C. tended to focus on younger disabled people
In coping with chronic disease and disability, older adults are caught in the middle of which of the two contradictory principles? A. being autonomous versus needing institutionalized help B. doing what professionals suggest versus trying: A. being autonomous versus needing institutionalized help
One of the obligations of the sick role identified by Talcott Parsons is A. exemption from normal role responsibilities while the person is ill B. the responsibility to seek medical help C. exemption from self-care responsibilities: B. the responsibility to seek medical help
In terms of sick role behaviors, older Americans are expected to A. behave in the same manner as other age groups B. continue their normal responsibilities C. use the privileges of the sick role without the obligation to get well: C.use the privileges of the sick wole without the obligation to get well
When older adults experience symptoms they perceive as serious, the first thing they are likely to do is a. seek professional medical advice b. ignore the symptoms c. consult with family and friends d. isolate themselves: c. consult with family and friends
The main predictor of nursing home placement among older adults is a. caregiver stress b. age c. personal choice of the older adult d. degree of disability: d. degree of disability
One of the major problems in the provision of long-term care management of older adults is a. numerous professional organizations that coordinate services b. lack of communication between specialists c. effective long-term management: b. lack of communication between specialists
In general, the more closely a function is tied to physical capacities, the a. more likely it will remain at a constant level of performance with increasing age b. easier it is to differentiate it from psychological processes c. more: c. more likely it is to decline with age
When older adults lose both vision and hearing, a. adaptation can be a serious problem b. no adaptive techniques actually work c. it is considered a normal part of aging d. adaptation can be made with no significant problems: a. adaptation can be a serious problem
In terms of perception among older adults, a. the time between successive stimuli must be increased for accurate perception to occur b. there is no change as aging increases c. there is a gradual decrease in perceptual ability until: a. the time between successive stimuli must be increased for accurate perception to occur
Age-related limits on performance are usually set by the a. effectors b. central processed c. sensory signals d. motor responses: b. central processes
Response time in the older adult a. tends to be similar to young adults when only verbal reaction time is considered b. begins to decrease well before the age of fifty c. may change because older adults do not check and recheck their resul: a. tends to be similar to young adults when only verbal reaction time is considered
A major problem with attempting to document changes in memory that may or may not accompany physical aging is a. developing tests that measure only learning b. measuring task performance c. determining which losses are the result of: c. determining which losses are the result of aging and which are caused by illness
For all but very ill people, a. the amount of information stored in memory continues to increase over time b. new information is not associated with familiar information c. the loss of memory is always reversible d. people who r: a. the amount of information stored in memory continues to increase over time
Margaret Jones is an 84-year-old woman who feels in charge of herself, her environment, and her life choices. She would be considered to be a. an externally oriented person b. an internally oriented person c. field dependent d.: b. an internally oriented person
Personality provides a. a system within which each person's behavior remains fairly consistent over time b. an abstract construct that offers little help in explaining behaviors c. researchers with black and white explanations of adu: a. a system within which each person's behavior remains farily consistent over time
Erickson's development tasks are a. not contingent developmental stages b. both incremental and contingent on meeting previous stages c. accepted as both valid and reliable d. not applicable to older adults: b. both incremental and contingent on meeting previous stages
In the activity theory of aging, the older person a. continues a middle-age lifestyle, denying the existence of old age as long as possible b. must develop a strong sense of integrity c. develops ego differentiation rather than role: a. continues a middle-age lifestyle. denying the existence of old age as long as possible
Mr. Jones, a 70-year-old man, has decreased the number of activities and social contacts he makes with each passing year. According to the disengagement theory, a. this change is abnormal, and Mr. Jones should substitute new activities and fri: d. Mr. Jones will achieve satisfaction in late life by reflecting on these past activities and his accomplishments
Jack Wong was a successful politician. He was very active in the Republican party as a young adult, ran a successful mayoral campaign as an adult, and was elected to the city council as a retired person. Mr. Wong's life could arguably support which aging: d. continuity theory
In the exchange theory of aging, a. elements are always rational and conscious b. the exchange depends on the resources that the actors bring to the encounter c. the actual exchange resources are as important at the ones the person i: b. the exchange depends on the resources that the actors bring to the encounter
Self-esteem among older adults a. does not necessarily decrease as physical appearance changes b. decreases with age no matter their level of health c. remains consistent with lefelong patterns d. decreases because older adults: a. does not necessarily decrease as physical appearance changes
Gerontologists consider mental disorders in late life to a. be genetically predetermined. b. be the result of age-related physical decline. c. primarily affect high-income groups. d. be the result of psychological and social str: d. be the result of psychological and social stress placed on individuals as they try to adjust to their problems
A leading cause of long-term depression in the elderly is a. income problems b. chronic pain c. deaths of relatives and friends d. cardiovascular disease: b. chronic pain
Examples of factors that result in reversible dementias include all of the following except a. nutrition b. alcohol abuse c. medication side effects d. brain tissue loss: d. brain tissue loss
The incidence of mental disorders among older adults a. is a normal part of aging b. shows a sigificant increase in late-life schizophrenia c. shows a significant increase in dementias after the age of 75 d. affects a majority o: c. shows a significant increase in dementias after the age of 75
The term socialization refers to a. the rights, obligations, and expected behaviors associated with a particular social status b. a group's distinctive way of life, such as values, beliefs, and attitudes c. the process by which a cer: c. the process by which a certain group encourages or coerces its members to learn and conform to its culture
A life course research project documents the ideal age-related progression or sequences of roles and group memberships that indivduals are expected to follow as they mature. This particular type of life course is known as the a. statistical li: d. cultural life course
Most members of society believe there is a. an orderly progression of accomplishments that require coordination and that should fall within a certain age range. b. a randomness to life and no orderly progression of accomplishment c.: a. an orderly progression of accomplishments that require coordination and that should fall within a certain age range
Age synchronization is a. the relationship between timing of occupational roles of husbands and that of their wives b. a person's ability to manage family and career within the right sequence and within the right time period c. the a: b.a person's ability to manage family and career within the right sequence and within the right time period
Role anticipation is a. the fitting of role demands to the individual's capabilities b. learning the rights, obligations, resources, and outlook of a position one will occupy in the future c. the process of tailoring a role to the pe: b. learning the rights, oligations, resources, and outlook of a position one will occupy in the future
Which of the following is not an important reason to consider in regard to retirement from the workplace environment? a. significant emotional attachments can be developed at the workplace b. skills used in the work setting are not always: d. retirement usually results in the onset of poor health
Cross-cultural studies on aging have indicated that researchers must a. dpecify which age is being discussed b. use the general category of "elderly" to study all age-related issues c. consider the normative statements of a: a. specify which age is being discussed
Which of the following is one of the most important psychosocial aspects of person's home? a. the security of the home equity it has accrued b. the home's ability to provide a residence for adult children c. the home's ability to pro: c. the home's ability to provide an essential source of continuity for older adults
The majority of older adults live a. with family b. in independent housing c. in skilled nursing homes d. in custodial care settings: b. in independent housing
The maintenance of stable, close friendships with significant other is a. a key factor in a successful adjustment to retirement and aging b. helpful but not critical to successful aging c. a minor issue is successful aging d. mo: a. a key factor in a successful adjustment to retirement and aging
In the United States, older persons are currently found disproportionately in a. large urban communities and suburbs b. large urban communities and small towns c. small towns and suburbs d. rural farm areas and small towns: b. large urban communities and small towns
In old age, most people a. have relationships only with adult children b. have relationships only with adult children and health care providers c. still have a network of friends, but it provides no support d. maintain a small b: d. maintain s small but effective network of close friendships
In general, older adults tend to expect a. family members to provide both physical and emotional support b. friends to provide physical and emotional support c. family members to provide physical support and friends to provide emotio: c. family members to provide physical support and friends to provide emotional support
As part of research on the urban geographic location of older adults, a study design a. cannot contain just one or two variables; multiple variables must be analyzed b. must use one variable, such as family size or ethnic background, to: a. cannot contain just one or two variables; multiple variables must be analyzed
For individuals who are part of a couple, marital satisfaction tends to a. deteriorate with retirement b. hit a low point when the children are infants c. improve steadily after the children leave home d. hit a high point when t: c. improve steadily after the children leave home
Caregiving activities offered by couples a. meet physical needs only b. are generally not a component of older couples' relationships c. are more important to elderly women than they are to elderly men d. meet the needs of both: d. meet the needs of both partners for physical care and emotional comfort and safety
An older adult's sexual interest a. declines steadily with age b. reflects lifelong patterns of sexual interest c. reflects only needs for emotional intimacy, not physical intimacy d. is not unduly affected by physical problems,: b. reflects lifelong patterns of sexual interest
The majority of American families with older family members a. isolate and do not care for older family members b. care for their older members with the same sense of moral responsibility as they have when caring for their children c: c. give help to and receive help from the older family member
Most adult children who live with their parents a. have never lived apart from them b. do so to meet the older adult's needs c. do so as the result of a crisis in the adult child's life d. do so only to meet their own needs, not: a. have never lived apart from them
Participation in community activities a. tends to be at a peak in middle and later life b. decreases in middle age c. increases consistently with age d. is not influenced by issues such as transportation and health problems: a. tends to be at a peak in middle and later life
For older adults, the most important reason income reduction at retirement is significant is because a. it triggers other significant adjustments in such areas as diet and medical follow-up b. it forces most elders onto public assistance<: a. it triggers other significant adjustments in such areas as diet and medical follow-up
What does the income distribution patern look like in the United States? a. Slow increase from age 15 to 24; slow increase at age 45 to 54; sharp decrease at age 75 and above b. slow increase from age 15 to 24; peak at age 45 to 54; conti: d. sharp increase from age 15 to 24; peak at age 45 to 54; sharp decrease at age 75 and above
Analyzing income solely by age a. is the most objective way to look at aging b. is complicated by diversity in employment, gneder, reace, and so on c. is a valid and reliable method of analyzing all the social dimensions of aging: b. is complicated by diversity in employment, gneder, reace, and so on
Which of the following is considered a direct source of income? a. cash income that can be used for any purpose b. home equity c. federal programs sucj as medicare and medicaid d. direct service provision for cash payment, such: a. cash income that can be used for any purpose
The most valuable asset older people tend to have is a. home equity b. savings accounts c. stock and bonds d. retirement pensions: a. home equity
In terms of current market trends, the 55- to 64-year-old group a. has little to no impact on sales of consumer goods b. leads other age categories in sales for a wide variety of purchases c. is far below the national average for spe: b. leads other age categories in sales for a wide variety of purchases
In the coming decades, it is projected that businesses will a. focus marketing on middle-age groups b. focus on very narrow product lines for older adults c. put less and less market attention on the older adult population d. tr: d. try to develop more products and services for the older adult population
Mr. Trayner is a 70-ear-old widower. He lives alone on Social Security benefits and a very small savinga account. He has very limited contact with friends, family, or neighbors. In terms of economic exploitation, this individual is a. at low r: b. at high risk because of all the characteristics listed
Which of the following is one of the most common reasons older adults get involved with medical quackery schemes? a. encouragement from adult children b. lower cost of treatment c. lack of faith in the medical establishment d. t: d. to try to find relief from chronic physical pain
The majority of Americans are motivated to work a. solely as a way to earn a living b. as a means to earn wages and expend energy in a meaningful way c. to protect themselves from age discrimination d. to ensure labor force part: b. as a means to earn wages and expend energy in a meaningful way
When discussing age discrimination, most Americans believe that a. employers engage in age discrimination b. employers do not engage in age discrimination c. age discrimination is practiced against younger workers but not against mid: a. employers engage in age discrimination
Two pressures on older adults to retire early include the a. decreased number of older workers and increased pressure from younger workers b. increased scarcity of jobs and decreased discrimination against women and minorities c. inc: b. increased scarcity of jobs and decreased discrimination against women and minorities
Currently, consumer spending by older adults, a. remains constant with historical data on older adults and spending patterns b. shows more spending on discretionary items than other age groups c. represents a small and economically u: b. shows more spending on discretionary items than other age groups
In terms of retirement, the majority of older Americans choose to a. retire after the age of 70 b. retire before the age of 65 c. retire at 65 d. retire at the new mandatory age of 75: b. retire before the age of 65
Since the 1980s, what is the major reason middle-age and older people leave the labor force? a. disability b. increasing age c. desire to retire d. pressure from spouse to retire: c. desire to retire
In terms of Social Security benefits, older minority groups tend to a. receive larger benefit amounts than whited b. receive smaller benefit amounts than whites c. have their benfits calculated with a different formula d. only r: b. receive smaller benefit amounts than whites
The major reason identified for discrepancies between the Social Security benefits received by whites and minority groups is a. supplementation of social security benefits from other federal programs b. generous retirement programs for mi: c. past discrimination that has kept minority wages low throughout the working years
In terms of retirement, older women a. have pension benefits comparable to those of men b. never rate their retirement incomes as adequate c. are less likely than men to retire from jobs characterized by low status and low earning: d. are more likely to retire early if they are married and later if they are not married
Currently, the majority of preretirement programs of large organizations a. provide comprehensive financial ans psychological counseling b. offer a discussion of what workers can expect to make during retirement years c. provide maxi: b. offer a discussion of what workers can expect to make during retirement years
One projection for the year 2010, when baby boomers begin to retire, is that a. no labor shortages will occur because of the young, well-trained upcoming labor force b. social security benefits will be adequate for all retirees c. la: c. labor shortages will occur and companies may need to develop opportunities that encourage older workers not to retire
The term COLA refers to a. socail security laws related to disabilities b. social security adjustments meant to offset the effects of inflation on fixed incomes c. medicare adjustments related to rates of nursing home coverage d: b. social security adjustments meant to offset the effects of inflation on fixed incomes
For an older adult, holding opinions on contemporary societal issues is considered a. very unusual behavior b. an example of political participation c. reflective solely of his or her social class d. an example of bloc voting: b. an example of political participation
In terms of voting participation, middle-age and older adults are a. considerably more active than younger people b. considerably less active than younger people c. more likely to discuss issues rather than actually vote on them: a. considerably more active than younger people
The primary reason for the decline in voter particiation among older adults is a. lack of interest in the political process b. decrease in visual acuity c. lack of adequate knowledge of issues d. poor health: d. poor health
Mr. Smith is a 70-year-old man with no political experience and a high school education who has decided to run for the city council. Which of the following will be his biggest election obstacle? a. gender b. lack of a law degree c. a: d. lack of experience
In terms of opinions about issues, older adults tend to a. become more conservative with age b. reflect their vested interests rather than lifelong liberal or conservative leanings c. become more liberal with age d. reflect thei: b. reflect their vested interests rather than lifelong liberal or conservative leanings
In terms of voting behavior, the elderly are more likely to a. vote in terms of geographic region only b. feel a strong sense of power because of their age c. vote as a bloc on all issues d. coalesce their voting power when they: d. coalesce their voting power when they feel there is an issue vital to their interests
Research has shown that political orientation is a. stable in young adulthood b. malleable in old age c. malleable in young adulthood, but increasingly stable with age d. stable in young adulthood, but increasingly malleable wit: c. malleable in young adulthood, but increasingly stable with age
When the general public is negatively affected by events and joins forces to change a situation, the activity is called a. a social movement b. industrialization c. socialization process d. age segregation: a. a social movement
One of the two anticipated results of the Townsend Plan was that it would a. improve the economic conditions of older adults b. lead to social security act of 1935 c. add money to an already booming economy d. provide support fo: a. improve the economic conditions of older adults
What is the major advantage of a social movement? a. development of lifetime friendships b. increase in the public's awareness of a problem c. pressure on politicians to respond to the demands of the social movement d. consisten: b. increase in the public's awareness of a problem
Compared to the power of lobbying groups such as the AMA and the NRA, the AARP is a. a more powerful lobbying group than either of these organizations b. a weak political player c. on an equal power base with these groups d. a s: b. a weak political player
Which of the following is a major factor in the degree of federal financial support for older Americans? a. an increase in the medical needs of the young old b. backlash from young Americans who believe that programs for older Americans a: d. strong support of federal assistance programs for older adults from middle-aged children
The social security program (Title II of the Social Security Act) was designed as a. an insurance trust fund with benefits based upon a retired worker's contributions b. the major source of financial support for older, retired Americans: a. an insurance trust fund with benefits based upon a retired worker's contributions
Between 2000 and 2027, the age to retire and receive full social security benefits moves from age 65 to age 67. What was the primary reason Congress passed this admendment? a. to ensure the economic solvency of the program b. to increass: a. to ensure the economic solvency of the program
Mrs. Jones is an 85-year-old woman who is disabled and in the lowest income bracket for her age. Which federal program or combination of programs would be appropriate for her? a. medicare and medicaid b. medicare, medicaid, and SSI c: b. medicare, medicaid, and SSI
In the United States, the chief fiduciary agents of long-term care are a. medicaid and SSI b. the VA and medicare c. medicaid and medicare d. the VA and medicaid: d. the VA and medicaid
A major problem of the 1981 White House Conference on Aging was a. the president's goal of decreasing federal spending, particularly in entitlement programs b. Democratic control of the Congress c. the president's goal of increasing: a. the president's goal of decreasing federal spending, particularly in entitlement programs
The Administration on Aging was formed to a. provide assistance and services to older individuals and their families in all regions of the United States b. manage the bureaucratic aspects of the social security system c. provide supp: a. provide assistance and services to older individuals and their families in all regions of the United States
The majority of this state and federally funded program goes for nursing home coverage for elderly and disabled Americans. Which program does this describe? a. medicare b. medicaid c. state outreach program for insurance and public a: b. medicaid
Which of the following is one of the problems cited by critics of federally funded programs for the elderly? a. older adults are stigmatized for seeking services b. older adults are given too much freedom to choose when selecting programs: a. older adults are stigmatized for seeking services
An example of active euthanasis in a terminally ill person is a. intentionally giving a person a lethal dose of morphine b. a request by a terminally ill person to stop all life-sustaining drugs c. a request by the terminally ill per: a. intentionally giving a person a lethal dose of morphine
Due to problems in self-care activities, a recently widowed 85-year-old man faces the prospect of institutionalization. Over the last three months he has lost fifteen pounds and expresses ongoing feelings of deep sadness. In addition to issues of bereave: d. no further evaluation is needed. The severity of this response is normal for this age
To establish and maintain a caring relationship with a dying person, one should frist plan to a. provide the physical care for the dying person no matter the physical or emotiional costs b. develop interactive activities to keep the dying: d. spend time reflecting on personal beliefs and values about death before becoming involved
Kubler-Ross's research on dying has been criticized because it a. fails to realize the individual variations found among dying people b. does not include the concept of anger c. does not include progressive stages d. fails to in: a. fails to realize the individual variations found among dying people
Bereavement includes the process of adapting to a person's death and may consist of all of the following except a. physical responses such as frequent sighing, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath b. well-defined progression of: b. well-defined progression of grieving through identifiable stages
Mrs. Jones, an 80-year-old woman in good health. When she is in a group in family functions, other relatives refer to her as "she" or "her" and she is never included in the group's conservation. This is an example of a. ant: b. social death
Mrs. Jones, an 80-year-old woman, has been diagnosed as being physically dead. According to the Harvard Medical School guidelines, this person would a. be tested again in twelve hours to confirm death b. have minimal reflexes c. show: d. exhibit a flat electroencephalogram
The contemporary definition of the general term euthanasia has been identified as a. dying with no pain or suffering b. the active implementation of a planned death c. giving the patient a lethal dose of a drug d. the deliberat: d. the deliberate shortening of a person's life
Those at high risk for a suicide attempt would include a. noninstitutionalized older adults who have frequent social contacts b. older white women living alone c. elderly white men recently diagnosed with a terminal illness d. e: c. elderly white men recently diagnosed with a terminal illness
The secularization of death is a way to a. deal with a traumatic event b. comfort the family c. accept death on an emotional level d. value older adults: a. deal with a traumatic event
In brittle denial, the person a. acknowledges his or her death and its implications b. represses the fact that he or she is dying c. plans for his or her death d. focuses on what remains rather what is being lost: b. represses the fact that he or she is dying
Mrs. Smith is terminally ill. She wants family members with her constantly and actively seeks them out for emotional support. This behavior is an example of the terminally ill person's need for a. preserving energy resources b. safe condu: b. safe conduct
Mrs. White's husband of thirty-five yeas passed away one year ago. She is brought to the er with complaints of shortness of breath, racing heart, nausea, and a feeling of emptiness. A knowledgeable health professional would understand that these symptoms: b. normal signs of bereavement
The purpose of respite care is to a. minimize the trauma of death for the remaining family members b. decrease the physical burdens of the patient c. help the family come to terms with their denial d. provide temporary care to t: d. provide temporary care to terminally ill people and their families in order to prevent caregiver burnout
Comprehensive hospice services a. can only be provided in the home setting b. are not covered by medicare c. allow the person to die at home or in a homelike setting d. end when the terminally ill person dies: c. allow the person to die at home or in a homelike setting
Most families seek institutional care for the dying person because a. institutions can provide better care b. care is so overwhelming that sometimes families cannot provide the level of care needed c. medicare will not pay for home-b: b. care is so overwhelming that sometimes families cannot provide the level of care needed
Those who believe it is a person's right to know he or she is terminally ill argue that this knowledge a. may close out hope and hasten death b. may lead to a deep, immobilizig depression c. will completely destroy any hope of recove: d. empowers people to make both financial and emotional preparations for death
Gender differences in views of death indicate that a. women see death with an antagonistic mind-set, while men see death as merciful b. middle-age men have resolved their fear of death c. women see death as merciful d. older adu: c. women see death as merciful
A sacred view of death a. looks at elements that human can control b. removes death from the home setting c. attempts to explain elements of life that people generally do not understand and cannot control d. consistently views d: c. attempts to explain elements of life that people generally do not understand and cannot control

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Number of cards 175