Unit 8 APEH (ch26): Nationalism, Imperialism, War, and Revolution 2
Terms
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- serbia, greece, bulagria took macedonia from teh ottomans in 1912. serbia the fought bulgaria in the second balkan war. austira intervened to stop the war
- balkan wars
- ultra nationalist serbian society. secretly supported by members of teh serbian govt
- black hand
- forced recruitmen into the the army to meet the needs of war
- conscription
-
1887-1922
last emperor of austria abdicated 1918. the next day austria was declared a republic as was hungary - charles I
- britain gained control of egypt. france gained control of morocco. not a written alliance, only an agreement. basically against germany
- entente cordial
- heir to teh austrain hungarian throne. was assasinated in sarajeva. started world war 1
- archduke franz ferdinand
- british prime minister. combated the growing german submarine menace by forcing the adoption of the convoy system. at paris peace conference in 1919, he excersized a moderating influence on both the harsh demands of georges clemenceau adn the idealistic
- david lloyd george
- not becoming involved in global or regional events
- isolationism
- french general led the french at the battle of marme
- joseph joffre
-
germany
dismissed bismarck in 1890. did not renew bismarcks treaty with russia and 'forced' russia to look for another ally- france. - kaiser wilhelm II
- william II sent kruger of transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the jamison raid. alerted britain of the dangers from germany
- kruger telegram
-
believed in marx socialism
1 believed capitalism must be destroyed
2 a social revolution was possible in backwards russia
3 the need for highly trained workers controlled by revolutionaries like himself - v.i.lenin
- allies worked out teh terms of peace with germany, 1919. precursor to teh united nations
- league of nations
- sunk in 1915 by a german submarine 139 americans killed. forced germany to stop submarine warfare
- lusitania
- a major french victory against the invading german army at the start of WWI. in reality lost germany the war
- battle of marne
-
1911.
after the french recieved morocco, germany demanded an international conference. german bullying forced engladn and france closer. germany gained nothing - morocco crisis
- the last tsar. wanted supreme rule of army and govt. led armies to defeat. forced to abdicate in 1917 by the durma
- nicholas II
- the assassin of archduke Francis ferdinand of austria. member of black hand
- gavrilo princip
-
treaty between bolsheviks and germans to get russians out fo the war.
1. russia lost 1/3 of her population.
2. height of german success in WWI. signed by lenin - treaty of brest-lotovsk
- negotiated by the big three, germany was stripped of colonies. alsace and lorraine were given back to france. poland was reconstituted as a state. pollish corridor would split prussia from germany. the saar region would be french teritory for 15 years. h
- treaty of versaille
- 1916 german assault on teh french fortress. turned into a battle of attrition. france won.
- battle of verdun
-
1914
great britain, france, adn russia - triple entente
- president wilson's peace proposal in 1918 stresed national self-determintation and the rights of small countries. freedom of the seas and free trade
- wilsons fourteen points
- german zimmerman sent a telegram to teh german minister in mexico city telling him to promise the mexican president german help if mexico went to war with the US. the telegram was intercepted and decoded by the britis. shocked the americn public
- simmerman telegram
- issued by the petrograd soviet stripped offices of their authority adn placed the power in the hands of electe commitees of common soldiers
- army order #1
- secret police set up by lenin. arrested enemies of the revolution
- heka
- headed the provisional govt in 1917. refused to redistribute confiscated land holdings to teh peasantry. thought fighting the war was a national duty.
- alexander kerensky
- wanted to be the saviour of russia. tried to stage a coup d'etat. demanded the resignation of all ministers. kerensky ordered him to turn over command. but soldiers refused to follow him
- general kornilov
- rebellion of previously loyal soldiers at teh naval base. supressed by the military. after the revolution, lenin introduced the NEP
- kronstadt revolt
- meaning 'minority in russian', the party was formed n 1903 from a split ni the russial social democratic labour party (RSDLP) which created the bolsheviks adn mensheviks parties. they believed socialism should only be achieved firstly through a burgeois
- mensheviks
- peasant village assembly reponsible to teh govt.
- mir
- issued in russia because of teh fear of a eneral strike. granted full civil rights and a popular parliament-duma
- october manifesto
- lenin's slogan in the revolution. peace from war, land for the peasants, food for all
- peace, bread and land
- a radical order of teh petrograd soviet that strippe officers of tehir authority adn placed power in teh hands of elected commitees of common soldiers
- army order no. 1
- an ultranationalist serbian society whose members assassinated the archduke ferdinand and his wife sophie, starting the third balkan war
- black hand
- majority group. lenins camp of the russian party of marxian socialism
- bolsheviks
- the reestablished tsarist secret police which hunted down adn executed thousands of real or supected foes, sowing fear and silencing opposition
- cheka
- a freely elected assembly promised by the bolsheviks, but permenantly disbanded one day under lenin's orders after the bolchseviks won less than one fourth of the votes.
- constituent assembly
- a permenant international organization established during the peace conference in paris in jan 1919 designed to protect members from agression adn avert further wars
- league of nations
- the vritish passanger liner sunk by a german submarine that claimed one thousand lives
- lusitania
- a huge fluctuating mass meeting of two thousand to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals, modeled ont eh revolutionary soviets of 1905
- petrograd society
- a conservative alliance which linked the monarchs of austria-hugary, germany and russia against radical movements
- three nations league
- in each country during WWI a govt of national unity which began to plan and control economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort
- total war
- treaty by which germany's army was limited to 100,000 men adn germany was declared responible for the war and therefore had to pay reperations equal to all civilian damages caused by the war
- treaty of versailles
- fighting behind rows of trenches, mines, adn barbed wire. the cost in lives was staggering and gains in territory minimal
- trench warfare
- the applicaqtion of the total war concept to a civil conflict. the bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industries, and required everyone to work
- war communism
- masterminded by walter rathenau. set up by the german govt to ration adn distribute raw materials
- war raw materials board