SAT BIOLOGY
Terms
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- molecule
- a combination of atoms. molecules can also react with other molecules to form lager ones
- atoms
- the fundamental units of the physical world
- compound
- moleculle that contains different types of atoms
- element
- a molecule that contains only a single type of atom
- product
- (the result of the interactions)are found on the right side of the arrow
- reactants
- are found in the left side of the arrow the molecules or atoms that are interacting
- organic
- molecules and compounds that contain carbon
- inorganic
- molecules that do not contain carbon
- polymers
- strings of repeated units such as proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids
- monomers
- individual units of polymers
- amino acids
- monomers of proteins 20 different amino acids
- amine group
- the NH2 group
- carboxl group
- the COOH group
- peptide bod
- bond between the amino acids water is removed
- dehydration synthesis
- the taking away of water to form bonds such as peptide bonds
- polypeptide
- amino acids in a chain are held together by peptide bonds, they can be referred to as polypeptides
- hydrolysis
- peptide bonds are broken when a water molecule is added
- saccride
- monomer of a carbohydrate
- monosaccride
- groups of carbohydrates that are made of only a single saccride glucose fructose
- diasaccride
- two linked monosaccharides
- polysaccrides
- more than two monosacchrides linked together
- glycogen
- the form in which animals store glucose
- starch
- the form in which plants store glucose
- cellulose
- a structural polysacchride that forms the plant's cell walls
- nonpolar
- another term for hydrophobic
- lipid bilayers
- the double layer of phospholipids
- nucleotide
- the monomer of a nucleic acid
- base pairing
- sometimes the bonding of a nucleotide base with its partner
- selective permiability
- the cell membrane lets sdome things pass and restricts the passage of others
- phospholipids
- the primary lipids found in cell membranes
- diffusion
- the movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration
- facilitated diffusion
- similar to diffusion, except that the molecules that cross are not hydrophobic
- active transport
- the movement of materials from low to high concentration adainst the gradient
- bulk transport
- movement of massive objects across a cell membrane
- osmosis
- movement of water across a cell membrane
- pyruvate
- half of a glucose molecule
- pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- a group of enzymes that prepares pyruvate to enter the third stage of cellular respiration
- final electron acceptor
- oxygen in the electron transport
- fermentation
- regenerating empty electron carriers in the absence of oxygen
- template
- ex each DNA strand acts as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand
- one-gene-one protein theory
- one gene codes for one protien