Molecular Biology 2
Terms
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- Molecular Biology (1)
- The study of life using techniques that reveal its molecular make-up.
- Molecular Genetics (1)
- Genetics as it is viewed at the level of molecules; in particular involving the structure and sequences of the nucleic acids which carry genetic information.
- Human Genome Project (1)
- Government supported project with the goal of determining the complete sequence of the genetic information in humans and other species.
- DNA (1)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid polymer of which the genes are made. The molecule that stores genetic information.
- Genetically Engineered (1)
- Having a purposeful change in the DNA to provide a desired outcome.
- Bacteria (2)
- Primative, relatively simple, single-celled organisms often used by molecular biologists.
- Prokaryotes (2)
- Lower organisms like bacteria with a primitive type of cell containing a single chromosome and having no nuclear membrane.
- Eukaryotes (2)
- Higher organisms with advanced cells which have more than one chromosome within a compartment called the nucleus.
- Genus (2)
- A group of closely related species.
- Species (2)
- A group of closely related organisms with a relatively recent common ancestor.
- Antibiotics (2)
- Chemical substances that kill bacteria selectively; that is, without killing the patient, too.
- Penicillin (2)
- The most famous antibiotic, is made by a mold called Penicillium, which grows on bread, producing a blue layer of fungas.
- Virus (2)
- Extremely small entity that grows only by infecting another cell.
- Bacteriophage (2)
- Virus that preys on bacteria.
- Immunization (2)
- Process of preparing the immune system for future infection by treating the patient with weak or killed versions of an infectious agent.
- Gregor Mendel (3)
- Discovered the basic laws of genetics by crossing pea plants.
- Gene (3)
- A unit of genetic information.
- Allele (3)
- One particular version of a gene.
- Protein (3)
- A polymer made from amino acids; they make up most of the structures in the cell and also do most of the work.
- Enzyme (3)
- A protein which carries out a chemical reaction.
- Mutation (3)
- An alteration in the genetic information carried by a gene.
- Mutant (3)
- Organism carrying a mutated gene.
- Wild-type (3)
- The original or "natural" version of a gene or organism.
- Null Allele (3)
- Mutant version of a gene which completely lacks any activity.
- Phenotype (3)
- The visible effect of the genotype.
- Genotype (3)
- The total genetic make-up of an organism.
- Epistasis (3)
- When a mutation in one gene masks the effect of alterations in another gene.
- Chromosome (3)
- Structure bearing the genes of a cell and made of a single molecule of DNA.
- Haploid (3)
- Having one copy of each gene.
- Diploid, Triploid and Tetraploid (3)
- Having two, three or four copies of each gene respectively.
- Dominant Allele (3)
- The allele whose properties are expressed as the phenotype.
- Recessive Allele (3)
- The allele whose properties are not observed because they are masked by the dominant allele.
- Homozygous (3)
- Having two identical alleles of the same gene.
- Heterozygous (3)
- Having two different alleles of the same gene.
- Gametes (3)
- Cells specialized for sexual reproduction and which are haploid.
- Somatic Cells (3)
- Cells making up the body and which are usually diploid.
- Meiosis (3)
- Formation of haploid gametes from diploid parent cells.
- Zygote (3)
- Cell formed by union of sperm and egg which develops into a new individual.
- Filial Generations (3)
- Successive generations of descendants from a genetic cross which are numbered F1, F2 etc. to help keep track of them.
- Mendelian Ratios (3)
- Whole number ratios found as a result of a genetic cross.
- Sex-linked (3)
- A gene is sex-linked when it is carried on one of the sex chromosomes.
- Partial Dominance (3)
- When a functional allele only partly masks a defective allele.
- Co-dominance (3)
- When two functional alleles both contribute to the observed properties.
- Linkage (3)
- Two genes are linked when they are on the same DNA moleule (on same chromosome).
- Crossing-Over (3)
- When two different strands of DNA are broken and are then joined to one another.
- Recombination (3)
- Mixing of genetic information from two chromosomes as a result of crossing over.
- Natural Selection (26)
- The evolutionary proces in which the unfit fail to reproduce.
- Acquired Characteristics (26)
- Properties which develop as a result of exercise or effort during your own lifetime.
- Circa 10,000 BC (26)
- Wolves were tamed and mankind's first animal breeding experiments eventually produced the dog.
- Taxomony (25)
- The science of naming and classification.
- Species (25)
- A group of closely related organisms with a relatively recent common ancestor.
- Genus (plural, Genera) (25)
- Next level of organization up from the species; a goup of related species.