USMLE 1 Pharm Abx
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- (6)* bugs that Ampicillin/Amoxicillin is good for destroying
-
A/A HELPS kill Enterococci:
H.influenzae,
E.coli,
Listeria,
Proteus,
Salmonella,
Enterococci - which has greater oral bioavailability: Ampicillin or Amoxicillin?
- AmOxicillin = Oral
-
what do the extended spectrum penicillins
(Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin) work on? -
TCP:
Takes Care of Pseudomonas - (3)* bugs for first generation cephalosporins
-
PEcK:
Proteus,
E.coli,
Klebsiella - (7)* bugs for second generation cephalosporins
-
HEN PEcKS:
H.influenza,
Enterobacter,
Neisseria spp.,
Proteus,
E.coli,
Klebsiella,
Serratia marc. -
what do the third and fourth generation cephalosporins have good activity against?
(2) -
Pseudomonas,
Gram-negatives - what is co-administered w/ Imipenem?
-
Impenem - the kill is LASTIN w/ ciLASTIN:
Cilastin - Drug that causes "red man syndrome" (diffuse flushing)
-
Vacomycin
(D-ala) - (4)* AE of Vancomycin
-
I READ there's NOT many problems w/ Vanco:
RED man syndrome,
Nephrotoxicity,
Ototoxixity,
Thrombophlebitis -
what are the 30 (2) and 50 (3) ribosomes inhibitors?
which is bactericidal? -
"Buy AT 30, CELL at 50":
30:
A - Aminoglycosides (bactericidal)
T - Tetracycline
50:
C - Chloramphenicol
E - Erythromycin
L - Lincomycin
L - cLindamycin -
(5)* types of Aminoglycosides
(3)* AE -
"Mean (Amino) GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes":
Gentamicin,
Neomycin,
Amikacin,
Tobramycin,
Streptomycin
AE:
Nephrotoxicity,
Ototoxicity,
Teratogen - what Tetracycline is a ADH antagonist?
- Demeclocycline
- what Tetracycline is good for pt w/ renal failure?
- Doxycycline
- (10) Tetracycline bugs
-
VACUUM THe BedRoom:
Vibrio cholera, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, M.pneumonia,
Tularemia, H.pylori,
Borrelia (Lyme), Rickettsia -
AE of Tetracycline
(2) -
Inhibits bone growth in kids,
discolors teeth - which drug class binds to the 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal unit?
-
Macrolides
(erythromycin) - MCC of non-compliance in Macrolides
- GI upset
-
what drug is good against H.influenza, N.meningitis and S.pneumonia types of Meningitis?
(2) AE -
Chloramphenicol
AE:
Gray baby syndrome,
Anemia - drug that treats C.perfringes only to possibly get the AE of C.difficile (pseudomembraneous colitis)
- Clindamycin
-
Abx that causes hemolysis in G6PD deficeint patients
other AE (2)
MOA -
Sulfonamides
AE:
Nephrotoxicity,
Kernicterus in infants
MOA: blocks Dihydropteroate synthase (PABA step 1) -
Abx that inhibits DHF
AE? -
Trimethoprim (TMP)
AE:
(Treats Marrow Poorly)
works w/ SMX -
Abx that inhibits DNA gyrase
(topoisomerase II)
(2) AE -
Fluoroquinolones
(AE) fluoroquinoLONES is bad for the BONES:
damage Cartilage,
Tendonitis -
Abx that forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell
(3) uses
AE (2) -
Metronidazole
use ("GET on the Metro"):
Giardia / Gardnerella vaginalis,
Entamoeba,
Trichomonas
AE: Disulfiram-effects w/ alcohol,
metallic taste -
Abx that binds to cell membranes to disrupt their osmotic properties
AE (2) -
Polymixins
[MYXins MIX up the membranes]
AE:
Neurotoxicity,
Acute tubular necrosis - (5)* Anti-TB drugs
-
INH-SPIRE (inspire):
Streptomycin,
Pyrazinamide,
INH,
Rifampin,
Ethambutol -
drug that decreases synthesis of mycolic acids causing an inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and is used alone as the TB prophylaxis
(4) AE -
Isoniazid (INH)
AE (INHH):
Immuno SLE-like syndrome
Neurotoxicity,
Hepatotoxicity,
Hemolysis in G6PD - what are the (4) R's of Rifampin
-
RNA polymerase inhibitor,
Revs up P-450,
Red/Orange body fluids,
Rapid resistance if used alone -
Prophylaxis drug:
Meningococcal infection - Rifampin
-
Prophylaxis drug:
Gonorrhea - Ceftriaxone
-
Prophylaxis drug:
Syphillis - Penacillin G
-
Prophylaxis drug:
Hx of recurrent UTI - TMP-SMX
-
Prophylaxis drug:
PCP - TMP-SMX
- prophylaxis against Endocarditis w/ dental, GU or GI procedures
- Penicillins
- antifungal that binds ergosterol to tear hole in the membrane
-
Amphotericin B
[amphoTEARicin = TEARs holes] -
antifungal that binds to ergosterol and is only used topically or as a mouth rinse
use? -
Nystatin
Candidiasis (oral and vaginal) -
class of anti-fungals that inhibit ergosterol synthesis
(2) AE -
"-AZOLEs"
[AZOLE inhibits ergosterOLE]
AE:
Gynecomastia,
Inhibits P-450 - Drug for Tinea and ringworm that interferes w/ bug microtubule synthesis*
-
Griseofulvin
[GRISwalds are full of Tinea and ringworm] - drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis and is only for Aspergillosis
-
Caspofungin
[CAS-PERgillosis the friendly fungal ghost] - drug that inhibits squalene epoxidase and treats onychomycosis
-
Terbinafine
[the guys in TURBINS have bad toenails] -
anti-viral that blocks penetration and uncoating*
(2) uses
AE? -
Amantadine
[A MAN To DINE takes off his COAT]
Amatadine blocks Influ A and rubellA
AE:
cerebellA (ataxia, slurred speech) -
inhibits influenza neuraminidase for A and B
(2) -
Zanamivir,
Oseltamivir -
anti-viral that inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by inhibiting IMP-DH
(2) uses -
Ribavirin
use:
RSV,
Hep-C -
anti-viral that binds to the pyrophosphate binding site of DNA polymerase
use? -
Foscarnet
[FOScarnet = pyroFOSphate binder]
use:
CMV retinitis and when either Ganciclovir or Acyclovir fail -
Drugs that are Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor Nucleotides?
Non-Nucleotides? -
Nucleotides:
"-VUDINEs"
(ZidoVUDINE: AZT)
Non-Nucleotides:
"-AVIR-"
(nAVIRapine) - HIV Protease inhibitors*
-
"-NAVIRs"
[Never (navir) Tease a Pro]
(pro-tease) - what is the drug specific for latent hypnozoite forms of malaria (P.vivex and ovale)
- Primaquine
- anti-parasitic against Chagas and T.cruzi
-
Nifurtimox
[NiceFURry CHAG carpet To CRUZE with] - DOC for pinworm and whipworm infections
- Mebendazole
- DOC for Giant roundworm (Ascaris) and hookworm infections
- Pyrantel Pamoate
-
Abx to avoid in Pregnancy
(9)* -
SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care:
Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides, FQ, Erythromycin,
Metronidazole, Tetracycline, Ribivirin, Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol - (5)* bugs that have Penicillin G as the DOC
-
VAMPS:
s.Viridians,
Actinomyces,
n.Meningitis,
s.Pyogens,
Syphilis - (4)* bugs that have FQ as the DOC
-
PACK the F-up:
Proteus UTI,
Anthrax,
Campylobacter,
Klebsiella UTI - (3)* bugs that have Erythromycin as the DOC
-
Err...THRO-MY LAB a bone:
Legionella,
Atypical (Mycoplasma) pneumonia,
B.pertussis (whooping cough) - (3)* bugs that have 3rd Generation cephalosporin as the DOC
-
cephalosporKIN:
Klebsiella pneumonia,
h.Influenza (pneu or mening),
N.gonorrhea [Ceftriaxone] - DOC for Yersinia
- Streptomycin
- DOC for Trichomonas
- Metronidazole
- (4)* bugs that have TMP-SMX as the DOC
-
NO WHIPping SALMON SHIt in this TeMP:
Nocardia pneu,
t.Whippelii (Whipple's Dz),
Salmonella typhii,
Shigella - DOC for chronic candidiasis
- Fluconazole (or Ketoconazole)
- which anti-worm inhibits the worm's neruomuscular transmission?
- Pyrantel Pamoate
- AE of GI and esophageal ulcerations and pancreatitis
- Dideoxycytidine
- (4)* Penicillin drugs that are able to work against b-lactamase-positive bugs
-
The Penacillin MONCs:
Methicillin,
Oxacillin,
Naficillin,
Cloxacillin (or Diclox-) - (2) inhibitors of FQ
-
Antacids,
Iron - MOA of Acyclovir and Ganciclovir
- Inh viral DNA synthesis
- TB drug that can cause red-green color blindness
- Ethambutol