Drugs Affecting the Nervous System

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Epinephrine hydrchloride(Adrenalin): -The prototype of adrenergics
-The drug of choice for anaphylaxis
-The active ingredient in OTC asthma preparations
-Effects: Stimulates both alpha- and beta-receptors, Increases blood pressure, Increases heart rate, Increases blood flow to brain, heart, and skeletal muscles, Constricts peripheral vessels, Relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle
Norepinephrine (Levophed): -Potent vasoconstrictor
-Used to treat: Hypotension, Cardiac arrest
Dopamine hydrochloride(Intropin): -The immediate precursor of norepinephrine
-Dosage effects: Low doses cause renal perfusion, Low to moderate doses cause increasd cardiac output, Higher doses increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure
Dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutrex): -A synthetic catecholamine
-Acts directly on the heart muscle to increase the force of contraction
Isoproterenol (Isuprel): -A synthetic catecholamine
-A bronchodilator
-Stimulates both beta1- and beta2-receptors
-Used to control shock and dysrhythmias
Ephedrine: -Less potent, but longer acting drug than epinephrine
-Used as a bronchodilator and nasal decongestant during allergic reactions
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): -Related to ephedrine, and has similar actions
Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine): -Stimulates the alpha-receptor, which results in vasoconstriction and nasal congestion
-Acts as a bronchodilator
Albuterol (Proventil): -Used to produce bronchodilation
Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine): -The prototype for alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
-Used to prevent tissue necrosis following extravasation of intravenous norepinephrine
-Prevents and controls hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma, which is a tumor that releases excessive amounts of catecholamines
Ergotamine tartrate (Ergostat): -A vasoconstrictor that is used to treat migraine headaches. It is poorly absorbed orally, and is given sublingually, by rectal suppository, or by inhalation.
Ergotamine tartrate with caffeine (Cafergot): -A common antimigraine medication
Doxazosin (Cardura): -A peripherally acting antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertension or BPH. It acts by blocking post synaptic alpha 1-adrenergic receptors.
Prazosin (Minipress): -A peripherally acting, antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertention or BPH. It acts by blocking post-synaptic alpha1 adrenergic receptors.
Terazosin (Hytrin): -A peripherally-acting antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertension or BPH. It acts by blocking post-synaptic alpha 1-adrenergic receptors.
Sumatriptan (Imitrex): -A vascular headache suppressant used to treat migraines.
Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal): -The prototype for beta-adrenergic blocking agents
-Used to treat hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarction
Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor): -Used to treat hypertension and dysrhythmias
Atenolol (Tenormin): -Used to treat hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction
Sotalol (Betapace): -Uesd to treat dysrhythmias
Timolol maleate (Timoptic): -An eye drop medication used to treat glaucoma
Mecamylamine hydrochloride (Inversine): -The ganglionic blocker
-Used to treat clients who are in the advanced stages of hypertension, or in hypertensive crisis
-Also used to treat pulmonary edema (a complication of severe hypertension)
Acetylcholine: -The prototype for the direct-acting cholinomimetic drugs
Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine): -Used for urinary retention and atony because it contracts the smooth muscle fo the bladder, and stimulates gastric motility in paralytic ileus. It is also used to treat open-angle glacoma.
Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Pilocar): -Used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma by constricting the pupil
Carbachol intraocular (Miostat): -Used to treat simply glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma
Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Reglan): -Used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and to treat heartburn and delayed gastric emptying due to reflux esophagitis
Neostigmine bromide (Prostigmin): -Used to treat urinary retention and paralytic ileus
-The drug of choice in the treatment of myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon): -Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
-Used to differentiate between myasthenia crisis and cholinergic crisis
-Antidote for pancuronium (Pavulon), which is a neuromuscular blocker
Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon): -The maintenance drug of choice for myasthenia gravis
Atropine sulfate: -The prototype for anticholinergic drugs
-Used: Preoperatively to dry secretions, To treat bradycardia, As an antidote for cholinergic drugs, As an antidote for insecticide poisoning
Belladonna tincture: -An ingredient in several drug mixtures, is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders
Homatropine (Spectro-Homatropine): -Eye drops used to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane): -Used to treat Parkinson's disease, and the Parkinson-like symptoms that occur with some psychoactive drugs
Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan): -Used to increase bladder capacity and to decraes the frequency of voiding in clients with neurogenic bladders
Scopolamine hydrobromide (Hyoscine): -Used to treat motion sickness, manage the nausea and vomiting that accompanies general anesthesia, and produce preoperative amnesia
Carisoprodol (Soma): -Prescribed as an adjunct to rest and physical therapy in the treatment of muscular spasm caused by acute musculoskeletal conditions
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril): -Manages muscular spasm and severe pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions. It is similar in structure to the tricyclic depressants.
Baclofen (Lioresal): -Used to alleviate signs and sympotms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and other spinal cord diseases. High doses may produce ataxia.
Orphenadrine (Norflex): -Less commonly used than other central-acting skeletal muscle relaxants
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium): -Acts directly on skeletal muscles to treat conditions associated with spasticity
-The drug of choice to treat malignant hyperthermia crisis
-May be administered with diazepam to augment its effect, but this combination causes drowsiness
Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon): -Used to cause skeletal muscle paralysis during intubation following induction of anesthesia
Vecuronium bromide (Norcuron): -Used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
Tubocurarine chloride (Tubarine): -Given to lessen the intensity of muscle contractions during eletroshock therapy and to assist with the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Atracurium (Tracrium): -Given prior to endotracheal intubation or surgery
Rocuronium (Zemuron): -Given prior to endotracheal intubation or surgery
Mivacurium (Mivacron): -Given prior to endotracheal intubation or surgery
Succinylcholine (Anectine): -A short-acting depolarizing agent

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