4: Reproduction
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- regeneration
- regrowth of a lost of injured body part
- parthenogenesis
- development of UNfertilized egg into an adult. Organism develops from a haploid cell, so all of its cells will be haploid.
- Pathway of sperm
-
SEVEN UP
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deference
ejaculatory duct
(nothing)
urethra
penis - testes
-
male gonads with two function components:
- semiferous tubules
- interstitial cells (cells of Lidig)
- located in scrotum - sertoli cells
- nourish sperm that are made in the seminiferous tubules
- interstitial cells
-
located between seminiferous tuvules
- secrete testosterone and other androgens (male sex hormones) - scrotum
-
extern pouch that holds the testes
- maintains testes temp 2-4 degrees lower than body temp, which is necessary for sperm survival - epididymis
- here, sperm acquire motility, mature, and are stored until ejaculation
- seminal fluid
-
mixed with sperm
- produced by 3 glands and 3 components:
1- seminal vesicles: secrete a fructose-rich fluid that serves as energy for sperm
2- prostate gland: secrete alkaline milky fluid that protects sperm from acidic environment of female reproductive tract
3- bulbourethral glands: secrete viscous fluid prior to ejaculation
- - semen
- sperm + seminal fluid
- spermatogenesis
-
sperm production that occurs in seminferous tubules
- spermatogonia (2N)
(differentiate)
- 1o spermatocytes (2N)
(meiosis I)
- 2o spermatocytes (N)
(meiosis II)
- spermatids (N)
- spermatozoa (N) = mature - acrosome
- enzyme in cap-like head of sperm (derived from Golgi) and is needed to penetrate egg
- ovaries
-
female gonads
- produce ova (eggs)
- secrete estrogen and progesterone - follicle
- multilayered sac that contains, nourishes, and protects immature ova
- oogenesis
-
occurs in ovarian follicles
- 1o oocyte (2N) form by mitosis and found at birth
- 2o oocyte (N) form by meiosis I and found after menarche
(fertilization --> meiosis II) - zona pellucida
-
inner layer of cells of oocyte
- acrosome responsible for penetrating it - corona radiata
-
outer later of cells in oocyte
- first barrier sperm must peneratrate by sperm enzymes (not acrosome) - Meiosis II 2o oocyte triggered when...
- zona pellucida and corona radiate are penetrated by sperm (i.e. fertilization)
- mature ovum contains...
- lots of cytoplasm, RNA, organelles, and nutrients for a developing embryo
- fertilization
- - occurs in later, widest portion of fallopian tube
- acrosomal reaction
-
- triggers a cortical reaction in ovum:
- Ca2+ released into cytoplasm initiation formation of fertilization membrane and stimulates increased metabolic rate - fertilization membrane
-
- hard layer that surrounds the ocum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations
- formed by Ca2+ release by ovum in response to acrosome - monozygotic twins
-
identical twins
- result when a single zygote splits into two embryos
- splitting occurs at the two-cell stage of development - dizygotic twins
-
fraternal twins
- result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm