Archeology 2
Terms
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- Ussher – (1650)
- calculated date for creation at 4004bc. Extinct animals did not get on Noah’s boat.
- Linnaeus – (1729)
- Classification of genus and species
- Hutton -(1785)
- The Earth is naturally made through small increments of change
- Erasmus Darwin – (1803)
- Wrote poems about animas having one common ancestor and going through transformation. Overpopulation + limited resources = competition.
- Lamarck
- Inheritance of acquired characteristics
- Malthus
- Overpopulation + limited resources = competition
- Lawrence – (1813)
- Human differences are inherited and there can also be change through mutations, selections, and exclusions.
- Lyell – (1830)
- Earth changes overtime through natural processes – the earth is really old.
- Darwin’s Theory
-
1. Natural Selection – adaptation, competition, fitness, variation, reproductive success
2. Mutation
3. Isolation
4. Gene Recombination - Mendel's Laws
-
1. Segregation
2. Dominance
3. Independent Assortment - Meiosis
- division of sex cells (½)
- Mitosis
- division of sex cells (full)
- Locus
- place on chromosome where the gene lies
- Allele
- locus on just ½ of the chromosome
- Genotype
- description of the alleles
- Phenotype
- physicall expression of alleles
- Paleocene
- 65-55mya early primates
- Eocene
- 55-36mya prosimians
- Oligocene
- 36-26mya monkeys
- Miocene
- 26-12mya apes
- Pliocene
- 12-2mya hominids
- Pliestocene
- 2-10,000ya
- Prosimians
-
Eyes in front
Opposable thumb and toe
Nails and pads
Dental comb - Old World Dentition
- 2, 1, 2, 3
- New World Dentition
- 2, 1, 3, 3
- Monkeys
-
Color vision
Finger Independance
Prehensile tail (NW only) - Apes
-
No tail
Brachiation
rotational shoulder
long collarbone - Chimp Behaviors
-
Females move groups
Use tools
Eat monkeys - Gorilla Behaviors
-
One male, multi-female group
Bachelor groups - Orangutan Behaviors
-
Solitary
Low energy - Afarensis
-
Hadar, Ethiopia
canine tooth (broken)
thick enamel
no chin - Africanus
-
yellow w/ jaw bone
no dimorphism
3rd molars just coming in
prognathism
rounded skull
small forehead - Robustus
-
big teeth
multi cusped
small sagital crest
flat face - Boisei
-
big sagital crest
Huge teeth
multi-cusped
really thick enamel
very flat face - Illium
- the top pelvic bone
- Ischium
- the back pelvic bone
- Pubis
- the front pelvic bone
- Oldowan Culture
- Homo Habilis
- Food sharing
- Habilis
- Home base
- Habilis
- Sex roles develop
- Habilis
- Acheulean Tool Culture
- Homo Erectus
- Hunting
- Erectus
- Controlled Fire
- Erectus
- First to leave Africa
- Erectus
- Blade Technology
- Antecesor
- Language
- Neanderthals
- Burials
- Neandethals
- La Ferrassie, France
- cemetary
- Teshik-Tash, Uzbekistan
- a boy's grave marked by Ibex horns
- Shanidar, Iraq
- deformed man buried
- Monte Circeo, Italy
- skull w/ a circle of stones around it
- Mousterian Tool Culture
- Neanderthals
- Aurignacian
- AMH backed blade, scrapper, spear point
- Solutrean
-
Laurel leaf spear point
Awl - Magdalenian
-
Atlatl
Harpoon - Art
- Magdalenian
- AMH
-
chin
round skull
forehead - Jewlery
- Upper Paleolithic
- Bow and Arrow
- Upper Paleo
- Sedintary
- Mesolithic
- Sickles/mortar and pestle
- Mesolithic
- Trade
- Mesolithic
- Domestication of animals
- Neolithic
- Ovens
- Neolithic
- Multiple rooms/floors
- Neolithic PPN-B
- Agriculture
- Neolithic
- Pottery
- Neolithic PPN-B
- Clovis Tool Culture
- Clovis Spear Point
- Folsome Tool Culture
- Folsom Spear Point
- Sedintary (Americas)
- Archaic
- Agriculture (Americas)
- Woodland
- Irrigation
- Chaco Canyon
- Writing
- Mayans
- City States
- Mayans
- Ball courts
- Mayans - Chichen Itza
- Calender, astronamy, arithmatic
- Mayans