Biochemistry - cellular

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which resembles substrate: competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors?: competitive
what type of inhibitor binds at the active site and is overcome by increasing substrate?: competitive
what effect do competitive inhibitors have on Vmax?: none
what effect do noncompetitive inhibitors have on Vmax?: decrease it
what effect do competitive inhibitors have on Km?: increase it
what effect do noncompetitors have on Km?: none
the lower the Km, the higher the _____?: affinity
when does Km = [S]?: at 1/2Vmax
in the cell cycle, which phase is usually the shortest?: mitosis
most cells are at what point in the cell cycle?: G0 - quiescent G1 phase
rapidly dividing cells have a shorter ____?: G1 (growth)
this is the site of synthesis of secretory proteins and N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins: RER
mucus-secreting goblet cells of SI and Ab-secreting plasma cells are rich in what cellular organelle?: RER
nissl substance is not found where?: axon or axon hillock
what do nissl bodies do?: synthesize enzymes (e.g. ChAT) adn peptide neurotransmitters
what is SER for?: site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
lipid hepatocytes and steriod-producing cells of the adrenal cortex are rich in what?: SER
where is mannose-6-phosphate added, and what does it do?: golgi - added to specific lysosomal proteins, which targets them to the lysosome
what is I cell disease?: failure of addition of man-6-P to lysosome proteins, causing them to be secreted outside the cell instead of targeted to the lysosome; coarse facial features and restricted joint movement
this is the distribution center of proteins and lipids from the ER to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles: golgi
the golgi modifies N-oligosaccharides on what amino acid?: asparagine
golgi adds O-oligosaccharides to residues of what?: serine and threonine
what organelle assembles proteoglycans from proteoglycan core proteins?: golgi
this organelle performs sulfation of sugars in proteoglycans and of selected tyrosine on proteins: golgi
what is the diameter of a microtubule?: 24 nm
each dimer in microtubules has how many GTP bound to it?: 2
mebendazole/thiabendazole, taxol, griseofulvin, vincristine/vinblastine, and colchicine all act on what structure?: microtubules
this syndrome is characterized by decreased phagocytosis as a result of a microtubule polymerization defect: chediak-higashi syndrome
microtubules are involved in what type of axoplasmic transport?: slow
how many polymerized tubulin dimers are there per circumference in microtubules?: 13
this structure consists of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules: cilia
dynein is reponsible for what direction of movement?: retrograde
kynesin is responsible for what direction of movement?: anterograde
this is an ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causees bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets: dynein
a high cholesterol or long saturated fatty acid content does what to melting temperature?: increases it
this is the only side of the plasma membrane that contains glycosylated lipids or proteins: noncytoplasmic
this is a major component of RBC membranes, myelin, bile, surfactant, and is also used in the esterification of cholesterol: phosphatidylcholine
H1, alpha1, V1, M1, & M3 are linked to which class of G protein?: Gq (HAVe 1 M&M)
Gq initiates what cascade?: phospholipase C - PIP2 - IP3 - increased intracellular calcium
also PIP2 can yield DAG - PKC
beta1, beta2, D1, H2, V2 are linked to which class of G protein?: Gs
M2, alpha2, and D2 are linked to what class of G protein?: Gi (MAD 2s)
Gs/Gi stimulate/inhibit what cascade?: adenylyl cyclase - cAMP - PKA
what is the most abundant protein in the body?: collagen
90% of collagen is what type?: type I
this type of collagen is found in bone, tendon, skin, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair: type I
this type of collagen is found in cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus polposus: type II
this type of cartilage is found in skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulaltion tissue: type III
this type of cartilage is found in basement membrane or basal lamina: type IV
this type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate: type X
where are collagen alpha chains (preprocollagen) translated?: on RER
preprocollagen has the structure Gly-X-Y - what are X and Y?: proline, hydroxyproline, or hydroxylysine
hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues in the synthesis of collagen occurs where and requires what?: ER; vitamin C
in collagen synthesis, where does glycosylation of pro-alpha-chain lysine residues and formation of procollagen occur?: golgi
what is procollagen?: triple helix of 3 collagen alpha chains
what is formed when procollagen peptidases cleave terminal regions of procollagen? where does this occur?: tropocollagen; occurs outside fibroblasts
collagen fibrils are composed of what?: many staggered tropocollagen molecules that are reinforced by covalent lysine-hydroxylysine cross linkages
the step between pro-alpha-chains and triple helix formation/procollagen does not occur in what disease?: osteogenesis imperfecta
the step between peptide cleavage and collagen fibrils with crosslinks doesn't occur in what syndrome?: ehlers-danlos
vimentin stains what?: connective tissue
what does desmin stain?: muscle
what does cytokeratin stain?: epithelial cells
what do glial fibrillary acid proteins (GFAP) stain?: neuroglia
what do neurofliaments stain?: neurons

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Number of cards 63