Sem 1 Mini III Histology Circulatory
Terms
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- Capillaries only contain a tunica ____, resting on a basal lamina.
- intima
- A single layer of endothelial cells and the underlying , subendothelial connective tissue composed of ____ connective tissue and ____ smooth mucle cells.
- tunica intima,, loose, few
- The tunica ____ is composed of concentrically arranged layers of mostly ___ cells.
- media, smooth
- In the tunica media, interspersed with the smooth muscle cells are _____, some _____, and collagen type ___.
- proteoglycans, elastic fibers, III
- The tunica adventia is composed mainy of _____, type ___ collagen, and longitudinally oriented ____.
- fibroblasts, I, elastic fibers
- The tunica ____ of large arteries becomes continuous with the connective tissue elements surrounding the vessel.
- adventia
- The tunica adventia of large arteries and veins contain a system of vessels called the _____.
- vasa vasorum
- Vasa vasorum are ___, ___ and ____ in the ____ and outer part of the media.
- arterioles, capillaries, venules, adventia
- The biggest arteries close to the heart are ___ arteries, followed by ____ arteries and then the _____.
- elastic, muscular/distributing, arterioles
- The tunica ____ of an elastic artery is formed by layers of smooth muscle intercalated by ___ laminas.
- media, elastic
- In elastic arteries, ___ limit stretch.
- collagen fibers
- ____ cells syntesize collagen and elastin in elastic and muscular arteries.
- smooth muscle cells
- In elastic arteries the tunica ___ is less thick than the tunica ____.
- adventia, media
- In all blood vessels that contain media, smooth muscles can repair tunica ____ in response to growth factors secreted by ____ cells.
- intima, endothelial
- Larger muscular arteries have an external ___ lamina which seperates tunica ___ from tunica ____.
- elastic, adventia, media
- The internal elastic lamina seperates the ___ from the ___ and is only found in ____.
- tunica intima, tunica media, arteries
- In both arterioles and small arteries, the tunica ____ is very thin.
- adventia
- Arterioles branch into small vessels called ____ with a discontinuous layer of muscle cells.
- metarterioles
- In very small arterioles, the internal and external lamina are ____.
- absent
- Veins have much smaller tunica ___ than arteries of the same size.
- media
- Veins can have lots of smooth muscle in ____, to help move blood.
- adventia
- Typically, veins have ____ walls that arteries, and a ____ lumen relative to its tunicas.
- thinner, larger
- Leucocytes cross the walls of ___ and ___.
- veins, capillaries
- Endothelial cells express ____ after ____ is released from the tissue. This binds to the ____ on WBC, and they slide through ____ junctions through ____ action.
- selectins, cytokines, carbohydrates, tight, integrin
- Numerous pinocytotic vesicles are seen in ___ capillaries, and are responsible for carrying larger substances.
- continuous (somatic)
- ____ capillaries are characterized by their absence of fenestrae.
- continuous
- _____ are present in some continuous capilaries and post capilary venules, and serve a contractile fxn since they do not have tunica ____.
- pericytes, media
- ____ capilaries have a layer of endothelial cells attached by ____ junction and a continuous ____.
- continuous, tight, basal lamina
- ____ capilaries have pores that may be bridged by ultrathin diaphrams.
- fenestrated
- _____ capilaries are found in tissues where rapid interchange occur, such as the kidneys, intestine, and endocrine glands.
- fenestrated
- In ___ capillaries, endothelial cells form a discontinuous layer and are seperated from one another by wide spaces.
- sinusoidal
- ____ capillaries have an enlarged diameter, and are found in the liver and hematopoeitic organs.
- sinusoidal
- Direct communication between arterioles and venules.
- arteriovenous anastomosis
- As present in the kidney glomerulus, arteriole to capillary to arteriole.
- arteriole portal system
- As present in the liver, venule to capillary to venule.
- venous portal system
- The _____ is a layer of the heart continuous with the tunica ____ of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.
- endocardium, intima
- An endocardium layer, the ____ is composed of simple squamous endothelium and an underlaying fibroelastic connective tissue.
- endothelium
- The subendothelium layer of the endocardium is ____ connective tissue, containing small blood vessels, nerves and ____ fibers.
- subendothelium, purkinje
- The middle and thickest layer of the heart with specialized conducting cardiac muscle cells.
- myocardium
- Epicardium is the ____ layer of the heart also called the visceral layer of the _____.
- outermost, pericardium
- The _____ layer of loose connective tissue contains the coronary vessels, nerves, ganglia and fat.
- subepicardium
- ___ transmit electrical conductance to ventricles.
- purkinje fibers
- ___ is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.
- arteriosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis involves changes to the ___ layer of arteries.
- intima
- ____ is the progressive build up of plaque on arterial walls.
- athersclerosis
- A characteristic of athersclerosis, which is lipid deposits producing a yellow swelling on the endothelial surface.
- atheroma
- Plaques develope when ____ accumulate at the site of arterial damage and ____ act to form a fibrous cap over it.
- LDL, platelets
- ____ are triggered by endothelial cell damage into the intima of vessels.
- monocytes
- Macrophage take up excess lipid forming ____ cells, that release GFs and cytokines that act on _____.
- foam, smooth muscle cells
- Due to the secretions of foam cells, smooth muscles migrate to the ___ and secrete fibrous tissue, forming the ____, in order to isolate the foam cells from the circulation.
- intima, smooth muscle cap
- Lymph dumps back into veins at the ____ and ___ ducts.
- thoracic, right lymphatic
- The ____ system acts to reabsorb fluid from the interstitial space in order to prevent ___ formation.
- lymphatic, edema
- ____ fibrils hold open lymphatic capilaries and anchor them to surrounding CT.
- anchoring fibrils