endocrine system - anatomy 101
Terms
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- the products of the endocrine glands are ___
- hormones
- steroid hormones are lipid molecules synthesized from ___
- cholesterol
- all hormones are transported in the body by the ___
- blood
- estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol are examples of ___
- steroid hormones
- when nonsteroid hormones interact with cells they may afect the activity of an enzyme called ___
- adrenyl cyclase
- the pituitary gland lies in the saddle of a sphenoid bone called the ___
- sella turcica
- the hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland are produced by a portion of the brain called the ___
- hypothalamus
- another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is ___
- adenohypophysis
- oversecretion of the human growth hormone during childhood results in ___
- gigantism
- the thyroid gland is located in the tissues of the ___
- neck
- in order to produce thyroxin, the diet must contain ___
- iodine
- insufficient secretion of thyroxin in infants and children can result in a disease called ___
- cretinism
- an excess of thyroxin can result in a condition known as ___
- grave's disease
- the hormone TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland and has an effect on the ___
- thyroid gland
- the hormone that acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the production of milk is called ___
- prolactin
- one hormone of the posterior pituitary gland acts on the kidney tubules and is called ___
- antidiuretic hormone
- the hormone whose target tissue is the uterus where it induces contractions is called ___
- oxytocin
- in the absence of dietary iodine, the thyroid gland swells and produces a condition called ___
- goiter
- the parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the ___
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands regulates the body's level of ___
- calcium
- the calcium-regulating hormoneof the thyroid gland is called ___
- calcitonin
- the large glandular organ of the abdominal cavity beneath the stomach is the ___
- pancreas
- diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas produces an insufficient supply of ___
- insulin
- insulin promotes cell uptake of ___
- glucose
- when a person has not eaten, the pancreas produces the hormone ___
- glucagon
- insulin is produced by cells of the pancreas known as ___
- beta cells
- the adrenal glands may be found on the superior borders of the ___
- kidneys
- the outer tissue of the adrenal galnd is known as the ___
- cortex
- aldosterone is an example of adrenal hormones called ___
- mineralocorticoids
- the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats is regulated by hormones of the adrenal glands called ___
- glucocorticoids
- the activity of the adrenal gland is regulated by an anterior pituitary hormone abbreviated as ___
- ACTH
- An insufficient sevretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex may result in the disease called ___
- addison's disease
- another name for the parathyroid hormone is ___
- parathormone
- the hormone insulin is composed exclusively of ___
- protein
- the function of the hormone glucagon is to stimulate the breakdown of the carbohydrate ___
- glycogen
- the inner tissue of the adrenal gland is called the ___
- medulla
- the concentration of electrolytes in the body is regulated by adrenal hormones called ___
- mineralocorticoids
- an important hormone of the adrenal medulla which functions in the "fight or flight" resonse is called ___
- ephinephrine
- oversecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex can result in ___
- cushing's syndrome
- the corpus luteum of a woman secretes the hormone ___
- progesterone
- the small endocrine gland located in the midbrain that secretes melatonin is the ___
- pineal gland
- the thymus gland plays an important role in the development of white blood cells called ___
- T-lymphocytes
- numberous cells in various organs of the body secrete lipid hormones called ___
- prostaglandins
- the hormone erythropoetin functions during the maturation of ___
- red blood cells
- hormones from the ovaries influence the secondary sex characteristics of the ___
- female
- the hormone that is believed to regulate mating behavior and the day-night cycle is called ___
- melatonin
- female sex hormones are known as ___
- estrogens
- the location of the pineal glandis within the ___
- brain
- the maturation and development of T-lymphocytes is regulated by hormones called ___
- thymosins
- the hormones gastrin and secretin function in the process of ___
- digestion
-
the products of the body's endocrine glands are:
a)hormones b)enzymes
c)minerals d)ions - A
-
hormones may consist of all the following except:
a)steroids b)proteins
c)carohydrates d)amines - C
-
the pituitary gland lies in the:
a)abdominal cavity
b)inferior aspect of the brain c)along the femoral artery d)in the tissues of the neck - B
-
all the following hormones are produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland except: a0HGH b)TSH
c)prolactin d)insulin - D
- the oversecretion of HGH in adults may result in the condition called: a)diabetes mellitus b)acromegaly c)addison's disease d)cushing's disease
- B
- the neurohypophysis is another name for the: a)posterior lobe of the pituitary gland b)meduall of the kidney c)follicle that secretes estrogens d)placenta
- A
- in the female body, the luteinizing hormone: a)stimulates TSH production b)regulates mineral metabolism in the body c)stimulates uterine contractions d)acts to promote progesterone production
- D
- the target tissue of ACTH is the: a)thymus gland b)medulla of the adrenal gland c)cortex of the adrenal gland d)beta cells of the pancreas
- C
- the hormone responsible for stimulating contractions of the uterus is known as: a)insulin b)UCH c)glucagon d)oxytocin
- D
- the thyroid gland is located: a)within the brain b)in the lower abdominal cavity c)near the larynx d)behind the spleen
- C
- in order for the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin: a)iodine must be available b)carbohydrate molecules must be available c)calcium levels must be low d)iron levels must be low
- A
- symptoms of cretinism include: a)excessive urination and thirst b) electrolyte imbalance in the body c)stunted growth and thickened facial features d)depressed calcium absorption in the digestive tract
- C
- graves' disease can result from an excess of: a)calcium in the blood b)thyroxin in the blood c)catecholamines in the respiratory passageways d)glucagon in the pancreas
- B
- Calcitonin and the parathyroid hormone both control the level of : a)pituitary hormones in the blood b)glucose in the blood c)thymosins in the blood d)calcium in the blood
- D
- the symptoms of diabetes mellitus may include all the following except: a)frequent urination b)excessive thirst c)high glucose content of the urine d)abnormal mineral absorption
- D
- the hormone antagonistic to insulin is: a)FSH b)glucagon c)vasopressin d)estrogen
- B
- the parathyroid glands are located close to the: a)pancreas b)lower abdominal cavity c)brain d)larynx
- D
- in patients with diabetes mellitus: a)insufficient glucose enters the cells b)the medulla of the adrenal gland is damaged c)progesterone is not produced by the placenta d)the hypothalamus in nonfunctional
- A
- the large endocrine gland located in the abdominal cavity is the: a)pineal gland b)thymus gland c)pancreas d)thyroid gland
- C
- the two major portions of the adrenal gland are the: a)medulla & cortex b)exocrine & endocrine c)renal & subrenal d) posterior & anterior portions
- A
-
the hormones of the adrenal glands complement the action of the:
a)sensory nervous system
b)central nervous system
c)sympathetic nervous system d)external nervous system - C
- the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the blood and body fluid is regulated by hormones known as: a)glucocorticoids b)androgens c)adrenergic hormones d)mineralocorticoids
- D
- Hormones that influence the secondary sex characteristics may be produced by both the: a)pancreas and pineal gland b)thyroid and parathyroid glands c)thymus and pituitary glands d)adreanal cortex & reproductive organs
- D
- melatonin is secreted by the: a)pancreas b)thymus gland c)pineal gland d)pituitary gland
- C
- the proper functioning of the body's immune system depends in part on the activity of the: a)thyroid gland b)thymus gland c)parathyroid gland d)adreanl gland
- B
- the hormones gastrin and secretin are made in the linings of the stomach and (kidney)
- small intestine
- the small endocrine gland located in the center of the (brain) is known as the pineal gland.
- true
- the development of T-lymphocytes is regulated by hormones known as (mineralocorticoids)
- thymosins
- secondary male characteristics are influenced by hormones known as (androgens)
- true
- the (beta) cells of the pancreas are responsible for the production of glucagon.
- alpha
- the parathyroid hormone acts in a manner that is antagonistic to the activity of (calcitonin)
- true
- the (adrenal gland) lies in the fold of the mesentaries
- pancreas
- both thyroxin and triiodothyronine increase the rateof (metabolism) in the body
- true
- contractions of the uterus may be stimulated by the hormone (vasopressin).
- oxytocin
- the hormone ACTH is produced by the (adrenal gland), and it regulates the activity of the adrenal cortex.
- anterior pituitary gland
- the follicle stimulatin hormone is a product of the (posterior) pituitary gland that acts on the ovaries and testes.
- anterior
- the (anterior) pituitary gland receives and stores hormones from the hypothalamus.
- posterior
- swelling of the thyroid glands due to a lack of iodine is referred to as (goiter)
- true
- insufficient secretion of thyroxin in adults may result in a condition called (myxedema)
- true
- the composition of the hormone insulin is (carbohydrate)
- protein
- the hormone aldosterone is an example of the (glucocorticoids)
- mineralocorticoids
- two important catecholamine hormones are epinephrine and (insulin)
- norepinephrine
- an inadequate secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex can result in (cushing's) disease
- addison's
- many of the tissue cells of the body produce lipid hormones called (prostaglandins)
- true
- the maturation of red blood cells is controlled by the hormone (melatonin)
- erythropoetin
- the pituitary gland lies in a saddle of the (ethmoid) bone
- sphenoid
- another name for human growth hormone is (somatotropin)
- true
- the hormone prolactin stimulates the production of (urine)
- milk
- the thymus gland is located in the tissue of the (leg)
- thorax
- glucagon and insulin are both hormones produced by the (pancreas)
- true