Exam One Chapter 1 An Orientation
Terms
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- Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizes viamin D; site of culaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands
- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
- Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals
- Skeletal System
- Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat
- Muscular System
- Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activitating appropriate muscles and glands
- Nervous System
- Glands secrete hormones and regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
- Endocrine System
- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc; the heart pumps blood.
- Cardiovascular System
- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreigh substances within the body.
- Lymphatic System/Immunity
- Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
- Respiratory System
- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigeswtible foodstuffs are elimated as feces.
- Digestive System
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
- Urinary System
- Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; remaining structures serve as sites for fert
- Male and Female Reproductive System
- What are the levels of structural organization?
- Atom, Molecules, Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
- What is Homeostatis?
- Ability to Maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continiously. "Unchanging"
- What are the three controls of Homeostatis?
-
Receptor (sensor),
Control Center (set point)
Effector (Output to stimulus) - What is Negative Feedback?
- Output shuts off original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
- What is Positive Feedback?
-
"Snowballing Effect"
Labor Pains and Blood Clotting are Positive Feedback Mechanisms. - Superior (cranial)
- Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.
- Inferior (caudal)
- Away from the head end or toward the lowar part of a structure of the body; below.
- Anterior (ventral)
- Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.
- Posterior (dorsal)
- Toward or at the back of the body; behind.
- Medial
- Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.
- Lateral
- Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
- Intermediate
- Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
- Proximal
- Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
- Distal
- Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. The knee is distal to the thigh.
- Superficial
- Toward or at the body surface. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
- Deep (internal)
- Away from the body surface, more internal. The lungs are deep to the skin.
- Sagittal Plane
- (arrow) verticle plane that divides the body into right and left parts. Median plane, midsagittal plane, parasagittal planes.
- Frontal Plane
- Lie vertically. Divide the body into Anterior and Posterior parts. Also called a coronal plane.
- Transverse Plane
- Horizontal plane runs from right to left dividing the body into superior and inverior parts. Also called a cross section.
- Oblique Plane
- A diagonal cut of a body part.
- Dorsal Body Cavity
- Protects nervous system organs. Contains cranial cavity, in the skull, and encases the brain. Also contains the vertebral or spinal cavity which runs within the vertebral column.
- Ventral Body Cavity
- Contains thorascic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. Collectively called the viscera or visceral organs.