Bio 1B Lecture 4/28
Terms
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- Richness
- # of species in a community
- Abundance
- # of individuals in a community
- Evenness
- Way individuals in a community are divided into different species
- Ecosystem
- An interacting system that invovles both the organisms and their non-living environment. The flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients is regulated
- Cycling
- Occurs because substances originated from the atmosphere or weathered rock, then became incorporated into various organisms, and ultimately through decomposition are returned to the non-living world
- Energy Transfer
-
1. 1% sun energy used
2. Primary has transfer of 10% of energy from eating plants
3. Secondary also get 10% of energy from eating primary
(Compare productivity of primary and biomass of secondary) - Water Cycle
-
1. 2% fixed
a. frozen
b. held in soil
c. incorporated in plant or animal bodes
2. 98% circulating
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Transpiration - Aquifers
- Permeable, saturated underground layers of rock, sand and gravel
- Point-Source Pollution
- Effluent being discharged out of pipe in aquifer (from factory)
- Non-Point Source Pollution
- Pollution not coming in from one specific location, but rather a variety of locations
- Carbon Cycle
-
A. Atmosphere (.03%)
B. Autotrophic Organisms (10%)
C. Heterotrophic Organisms
D. Decomposition (releases CO2 back into atmosphere) - Autotrophic
- Synthesize own food
- Heterotrophic
- Cannot synthesize own food and depended on autotrophs for nutrients (and carbon)
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrogen becomes available through metabolic activities of a few types of bacteria (some free-living, other symbiotic), transformed into forms that can be taken up by plants (78% of atmosphere)
- Phosphorous Cycle
-
1. Soil Leaching
2. Erosion
3. Uplifting
4. Guano
5. Mycorrhizae
*Only mineral-based cycle