digestiion
Terms
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- Achalasia
- failure of the smooth muscle to relax at some junction in the digestive tube, such as between the esophagus and stomach
- Achlorhydria
- lack of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions
- Anorexia Nervosa
- self-starvation
- aphagia
- inability to swallow
- Cachexia
- state of chronic malnutrition and physical wasting
- celiac disease
- inability to digest or use fats and carbohydrates
- Cholecystitis
- inflammation of the gallbladder
- Cholelithiasis
- stones in the gallbladder
- Cholestasis
- blockage in bile flow from the gallbladder
- cirrhosis
- liver condition in which the hepatic cells degenerate in the surrounding connective tissue thickens
- diverticulitis
- inflammation of the small pouches (diverticula) that form in the lining and walls of the colon
- dumping syndrome
- symptoms, including diarrhea, that often follow a gastrectomy
- dysentery
- and intestinal infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or protozoans that cause diarrhea and cramps
- dyspepsia
- indigestion; difficulty in digesting a meal
- Dysphagia
- difficulty in swallowing
- Enteritis
- inflammation of the intestines
- esophagitis
- inflammation of the esophagus
- gastrectomy
- partial or complete removal of the stomach
- gastrostomy
- creation of an opening in the stomach wall through which food and liquids can be administered, when swallowing is not possible
- glossitis
- inflammation of the tongue
- hyperalimentation
- long-term intravenous nutrition
- Ileitis
- inflammation of the ileum
- pharyngitis
- inflammation of the pharynx
- polyphagia
- over eating
- pyloric stenosis
- congenital obstruction at the pyloric sphincter due to an enlarged pyloric muscle
- pylorosplasm
- spasm of the pyloric portion of the stomach or of the pyloric sphincter
- Pyorrhea
- inflammation of the dental periosteum with pus formation
- stomatitis
- inflammation of the lining of the mouth
- aliment
- food
- alimentary canal
- tubelike portion of the digestive system
- chym
- juice
- chyme
- semi fluid paste of food particles and gastric juice, formed in the stomach
- decidu
- falling off
- deciduous teeth
- teeth replaced during childhood
- gastr
- stomach
- gastric gland
- portion of the stomach that secretes gastric juice
- hepat
- liver
- hepatic duct
- duct that carries bile from the liver to the common bile duct
- lingu
- tongue
- lingual tonsil
- mass of lymphatic tissue at the root of the tongue
- nutri
- nourishing
- nutrient
- chemical substance required to nourish body cells
- peri
- around
- peristalsis
- waveliring of contraction, that moves material along the alimentary canal
- pylor
- gatekeeper
- pyloric sphincter
- muscle that serves as a valve between the stomach and small intestine
- vill
- hairy
- villi
- tiny projections of mucous membrane in the small intestine
- vitamin
- organic compounds, other than a carbohydrates, lipid, or proteins - required for normal metabolism. At that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts
- bile
- fluid secreted by liver and stored in the gallbladder
- calorie
- unit to measure heat energy in the energy content of foods
- feces
- material expelled from the digestive tract during defecation
- gastric juice
- secretion from gastric glands located within the stomach
- intestinal juice
- fluid that intestinal glands secrete, containing digestive enzymes
- intestinal villus
- tiny, fingerlike projections that extends outward from the lining of the small intestine
- intrinsic factor
-
produced by the parietal cells of the gastric glands
aids in vitamin B12 absorption - malnutrition
- physical symptoms resulting from lack of specific nutrients
- mesentery
- fold of peritoneal membranes that attaches abdominal organs to the abdominal wall
- mineral
- elements not found in organic compounds that is essential in human metabolism
- pancreatic juice
- digestive secretions from the pancreas
- Pepsinogen
-
source is from the chief cells of the gastric glands
it is an in active form of pepsin - Pepsin
-
produced by the gastric glands
begins protein digestion - hydrochloric acid
-
produced by the parietal cells of the gastric glands
provides the acidic environment needed for the conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin and for the action of pepsin - mucus
-
produced by goblet cells and mucous glands
provides a viscous, alkaline protective layer on the inside stomach wall - gastrin
-
produced by gastric cells in response to food
causes gastric glands to increase their secretory activity - cholesystokinin
-
produced by intestinal wall cells in response to proteins and fat in the small intestine
causes the gastric glands to decrease their secretory activity and inhibits gastric motility - Secretin
-
produced by cells in the duodenal wall in response to acidic chyme entering the small intestine
stimulates the pancreas to secrete fluid with a high bicarbonate ion concentration - amylase
-
produced by the salivary and pancreatic glands
begins carbohydrate digestion at breaking down starch and glycogen into disaccharides - lipase
-
produced by the pancreatic glands
breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol - Proteolytic enzymes
-
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase - produced by the pancreas
breaks down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides - nucleases
-
produced by pancreas
breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides - Peptidase
-
produced intestinal mucosal cells
breaks down peptides into amino acids - Sucrase, maltase, lactase
-
produced by mucosal cells
breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides - enterokinase
-
produced by mucosal cells
converts trypsinogen into trypsin