Lecture 12 bio
Terms
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- The dinosaur named _____ is the largest female Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered. Her skeleton can be viewed at the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois.
- Sue
- An important for the fossilization of tissues and bones is that these soft tissues must become _______.
- mineralized
- The most famous _____ fossils are the Laetoli footprints of early humans, dated to 3.6 million years ago, which represent two adults and a small child walking in an upright position.
- trace
- _____ fossils can contain the remains of perfectly preserved insects and spiders.
- Resin
- One way to date fossils is to use the order of horizontal layers of rock, known as _____, that have been formed over time. Because the layers are formed sequentially through the ages the age of a fossil can be inferred.
- strata
- Charles Doolittle Walcott discovered many types of organisms in the fossils of the __________, many of which were so bizarre that he could not find any counterparts among living species.
- Burgess Shale
- Pikaia was a small animal that lived during the Cambrian explosion. Its body plan resembles that of the modern ________, with a similar arrangement of the muscle segments, spinal cord, and brain.
- vertebrates
- The ________ was a period in time in the early oceans when there was a sudden emergence of animal forms.
- Cambrian explosion
- One of the hypotheses for the Cambrian explosion was an increase in the Earth’s _______ concentration, which promoted the evolution or larger body forms.
- oxygen
- For millions of years, the ocean floor had been covered with clams, but the development of new types of _______ which evolved more effective ways of breaking into the clams _____ almost wiped them out.
- predators, shells
- The lampsilis mussels have evolved a special fish-like lure that attracts ________. The larvae of the mussel feed on the blood in its gills for several weeks before falling off.
- Large Mouth Bass
- There are ____ species of bats, of which ____% feed on insects.
- 900, 70
- A good example of the __________ is the cheetah and the gazelle, because no matter how many gazelles the cheetah catches, some gazelles get away.
- evolutionary arms race
- With a svelte and muscular body, cheetahs can accelerate to a top speed of ____ in a few seconds, but only weigh slightly more than ______
- 70 mph, 100 lbs
- In Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, . Alice asked the ________ why they did not seem to be going anywhere during their race. This scene is a good analogy for the Evolutionary Arms race, in which neither participant can get anywhere, but must
- Red Queen