geology final2
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- Groundwater storage and flow relate geologically to:
- porosity and permeability, respectively
- Why is the water table a potentiometric surface?
- because groundwater flows at typically only a few centimeters per day
- What is not a major control on the climate at a given location on earth?
- oxygen isotope ratio of local water
- Which of the following influences climate the most over millions of years?
- variations in the carbon cycle
- What climate conditions are we living in today?
- icehouse conditions
- About how much lower was the sea lever 18000 years ago?
- 100 meters
- Which of the following could be used to reconstruct ice limits from previous glaciations?
- all of the above
- CO2 is the only greenhouse gas
- false
- The best record of climate change over the past million years of so is:
- oxygen isotopes in marine sediments
- Which of the following statements is true?
- volumes of reservoirs can change in the hydrologic cycle
- A major driver of oceanic circulation is density. This type of circulation is known as:
- thermohaline
- When buying a house, the morgage company will do a flood-risk analysis. They will essentially be checking:
- if the house sits on the floodplain
- It is possible for 100yr floods on a river system to occur twice in the same year.
- true
- The nearest place to stand on the eastern continental divide is:
- South Main Street
- The difference between a braided stream and a meandering stream is probably:
- sediment load
- The Mississippi River has:
- high capacity
- Sand at the bottom of a river moves by:
- bedload
- River discharge:
- increases downstream
- Stream power:
- increases downstream
- A stream that flows only when it rains is:
- ephemeral
- A natural, positive feedback effect is:
- river meandering
- What is need to calculate river discharge?
- average velocity, cross sectional area of river
- Which is not an example of a constructional landscape?
- glacial valley
- The most effective form of erosion (where it counts) is:
- glacial erosion
- Which of the following is an example of mass wasting?
- soil creep
- which of the following rock units would make a good aquitard?
- shale
- the biggest user of water in the US is:
- agriculture
- The bottom line with respect to water resources in the US comes down to:
- money
- Which of the following is a common natural groundwater contaminant?
- arsenic
- Yucca Mountain is:
- proposed nuclear waste repository
- What does not happen as waves approach a shoreline?
- amplitude increases
- Which of the following has the longest residence time in the ocean?
- NaCl
- Streams in the Valley and Ridge have what sort of network?
- trellis
- Which of the following is true of rivers?
- discharge is greater downstream
- A typical angle of repose for grandular material with no cohesion is:
- 30 degrees
- How much water is used per capita in the US each day?
- 6000 liters
- Which would be the best bedrock to drill in for groundwater?
- conglomerate
- An example of a volcanic eruption well predicted by USGS scientists:
- Mt. Pinatubo
- Silt depostied by air, commonly during dry, cold glacial climates, is called:
- loess
- The most costly form of mass wasting is:
- Soil creep
- Which orbital variation has the shortest frequency of variation?
- precession
- Which H20 sample of the following would have the greatest concentration of O18?
- the oceans - during the last Ice Age
- A place where base-level has fallen over the past few million years, resulting in incision is:
- Grand Canyon
- About how long does it take for any given water molecule in the ocean to pass through the hydrologic cycle?
- 3200 years
- Residence time of chemicals in the oceans is largely controlled by the rate of flux into the oceans from rivers and:
- the chemical's solubility
- What is the residence time of a weenie on a 7-11 weenie rack?
- 8hrs
- If you had James Bond's submersible car, and drove into the ocean at Virginia Beach and headed east, you would:
- be at a few hundred meters depth for the first few hundred miles
- If caught in a rip-current, to survive you must:
- swim parallel to shore
- the primary cause of the "sand budget" on beaches is:
- longshore drift
- Which of the following reservoirs from the hydrologic cycle is the biggest?
- glaciers, ice
- Solar energy is the driving energy source for the hydrologic cycle.
- true