History of Journalsim
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- Nelly Bly
- Real name is Elizabeth Cochrane. Worked for the New York World. Traveled around the world in 72 days, went undercover in an insane asylum, basically did crazy stunts.
- In Support of Papers...
- Give long-term answers. Explain TV breaking news.
- Computer Assisted Reporting
- Uses databases to change news sources ex: school files, city files ect.
- The New York Morning Herald
- Founded 1835 by James Gordon Bennette. Similar news 1st attitude to that of the Sun.
- Penny Press
- Sold for only pennies. Contained lots of news. Acheived mass working-class audience. (audience made up industrial revolution)
- Misc. Info About Yellow Journalism
- Yellow papers attracted huge audiences. Competition for readers, advertisers, and each other's most talented writers was FIERCE!!
- Journalism Today
- Fewer Papers: few towns have more than 1 paper, Fewer Readers: especially young readers, More big corprate owners taking over papers instead of famalies
- Ida Tarbell
- investigated big business with a series on standard oil
- Jane Grey Swisshelm
- 1st woman to cover Congress
- FCC
- Federal Communications Corperation. Make airwaves public domain.
- New York Sun
- Founded 1833 by Benjamin Day. Had lots of news such as police beat, tragedies & natural disasters.Toned down opinions
- TV by the Decade
- 1940s: 1st newscast. 1960s: 60 million TVs in USA. 1990s: 90 million TVs in USA.
- The New York Times
- Founded 1851 by Henry Raymond. Set standard for fairness and accuracy in reporting! Motto: (By Adolph Ochs)
- Most Notable Yellow Journalists
- William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal) Joseph Pulitzer (New York World)
- Yellow Journalism
- Unethical, irresponsible brand of journalism involving: hoaxes, altered photographs, "screaming headlines," frauds, and endless self promotion.
- Radio
- 1920 Radio Station KDKA in Pittsburgh broadcasts presedential returns (1st news on radio!) Radion growth soon grows out of control!
- Origin of Yellow Journalism
- Yellow Kidd, a cartoon character in the Sunday editions of the World during the late 1890s.
- Mid 1890s
- Major cities had 8 or 9 newspapers
- Effect of the Telegraph
- 1861 reporters at Civil War battle sights used telegraph to communicate news. Wrote simply and matter of factly.
- How Has TV Changed News?
- Use of color pictures, makes a more emotional connection, makes news travel faster.
- 1st Persian Gulf (Gov't & Press)
- Blocked all news, no news allowed, no reporters unless express permission, news seemed fake
- Radio Today
- 5,000 AM & 5,000 FM stations nationwide
- New York Tribune
- Founded 1841 by social reformer Horace Greenly. Weekly edition had 200,000 subscribers
- Iraq (Gov't & Press)
- Covered by embeds, reporters trained by Army
- Minority Media
- 1905 Robert Abbot publishes Chicago Defender. Media in hot persuit of minority journalists.
- Vietnam (Gov't & Press)
- Negative news, dipicted dying & sadness, innocent victims dying, horrors & failures, made war un-popular, garnered protests & marches
- Information Age
- Billions of people around the world are electronically linked
- Muckraking
- Hated Yellow Journalism. Crusaded for social justices & exposed wrong-doings such as child labor laws.
- 1910
- 2,600 daily newspapers in the USA
- WWI & WWII (Gov't & Press)
- Friendly relationship, only censored news allowed, thus only positive news, made war effort look heroic
- Corneila Walter
- Editor of Boston Transcript 1840s.
- Internet by the Decades
- 1960s- internet invented by Army, 1990s- popularity blossomed!