Hazardous Materials Technician
Terms
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- The ability of a material to emit radioactive energy.
- Radioactivity
- The maximum concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed to without risk of injury and higher concentrations should not occur.
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Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
(TLV-C) - Describes the sensitivity to water without heat or confinement.
- Water Reactivity
- Methods of protecting oneself from harmful exposures to radiation.
- Time, Distance, and Shielding
- The degree of ionization of an acid or base in water.
- Strength
- Measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive material
- Half-life
- Used to control the rate of a chemical reaction by either speeding it up or slowing it down.
- Catalyst
- Materials that can ignite if exposed to air
- Air Reactivity
- Can damage skin tissue and damage internal organs if they enter the body. Full PPE will protect against this type of radiation.
- Beta radiation
- An OSHA term for the maximum concentration, averaged over 8 hours,to which 95% of healthy adults can be exposed to for 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week.
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Permissable Exposure Limit
(PEL) -
Causes skin burns and can severely injure internal organs.
PPE is inadequate in preventing this radiation from harming the body. - Gamma Radiation
- A pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid
- Slurry
- Measure of the thickness of a liquid and determines how easily it flows
- Viscosity
- The maximum average concentration, averaged over a 15 minute period, that a healthy adult can safely be exposed to for up to 15 minutes. Exposure should not occur more than 4 times per day with 1 hour between exposures.
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Threshold Limit Value-
Short Term Exposure Limit
(TLV-STEL) - Materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and are considered unstable
- Instability
- A reduction in container wall thickness characterized by removal of container wall metal. Not critical unless it crosses a weld area.
- Gouge
- Instrument readings used to determine the degree of hazard and values used to establish exposure limits.
- Parts per million/billion
- The maximum concentration,averaged over 8 hours, to which a healthy adult can be repeatedly exposed to for up to 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week
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Threshold Limit Value-
Time Weighted Average
(TLV-TWA) - The weight of water vapor when compared to air
- Vapor Density
- A mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved
- Solution
- The tendency or ability of two liquids to form a uniform blend.
- Miscibility
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Describes a substance's propensity to release energy or undergo change.
(self-react, polymerize, or react violently) - Chemical Reactivity
- This may result in a buildup of heat and an increase in pressure that may be more harmful than the material the container was origianlly designed to withstand.
- Chemical Interaction
- The ability of a substance to form a solution with water.
- Water Solubility
- This is the maximum level to which a healthy adult can be exposed to for 30 minutes without suffering irreversible health effects
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Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
(IDLH) - The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water
- Specific Gravity
- The deformation of a container wall caused by a blunt object. Not critical unless accompanined by a crack or gouge
- Dent
- The amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature
- Expansion Ratio
- Relates to the process of liquifying gasses and is the minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquified.
- Crtical Temperature
- The force exerted on the inside of a closed container by the vapor in the space above the liquid in the container.
- Vapor Pressure
- These have a tendency to break down into thier component parts - sometimes in an explosive manner.
- Compound, mixture
- Activity, quantity gamma, and absorded dose.
- Units of measure for radioactive exposure
- The amount of acid or base compared to the amount of water present.
- Concentration
- Some materials generate more highly toxice gasses than others do; Therefore, appropriate PPE must be used.
- Toxic products of combustion
- The effect from a localized source spreads uniformly throughout the surrounding space
- Inverse Square Law
- Causes death to 50% of a group of test animals exposed to it by any route except inhalation.
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Lethal Dose
(LD50) - Causes respiratory distress and copious tearing
- Irritants
- A narrow slpit of break (full thickness) of a container. Critical damage.
- Crack
- 4 types of pressure container damage.
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Undamaged; No product released
Undamaged; Product released
Damaged; No product released
Damaged; Product released - These agents interfere with the bodies central nervous system
- Nerve Agents
- Causes death to 50% of test animals that inhale it.
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Lethal Concentration
(LC50) - Produce disease and are living microorganisms that can mutate and become more deadly.
- Biological Agents
- These materials contain the "benzene ring" which is formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds.
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- The minimum temperature at which a material gives off vapors that will ignite but will not continue to burn.
- Flash Point
- The combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yeild oxygen.
- Oxidation Potential
- These agents are extremely toxic with symptoms of exposure not appearing for minutes, hours, or even days
- Vessicants (Blister Agents)
- Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms somewhere in the molecule.
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- The caracteristic form of a material at the ambient temperature
- Physical State
- This indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the material being tested.
- Corrosivity
- The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning.
- Fire Point
- Materials in which the carbon atoms are linked by only single covalent bonds.
- Saturated Hydrocarbons
- These are often more toxic than naturally occuring organic chemicals. They decompose into smaller, more harmful elements when exposed to high temperatures.
- Halogenated Hydrocarbons
- The minimum concentration below which a flame will not propagate. Too "lean" to burn.
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Lower Explosive Limit
(LEL) - The level of radiation found 1 meter from an intact package of a radioactive material
- Transport Index
- The National Safety Council's Hazardous Materials database
- Cameo
- U.S. Coast Guard database of Hazardous Materials
- CHRIS
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The maximum vapor to air concentration above which a flame will not propagate.
Too "rich" to burn -
Upper Explosive Limit
(UEL) - The numerical measure of a solution's hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity and alkalinity
- pH
- The EPA database of petroleum and hazardous materials
- OHM/TADS
- The ability of a material to go from solid to gaseous state without becoming a liquid
- Sublimation
- The minimum temperature that a material must be raised before it will ignite.
- Ignition (autoignition) Temperature
- The difference between the upper and lower explosive limits.
- The Flammable or Explosive Range
- Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons.
- Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- May cause the pressure within a container to rise, particularly if they become contaiminated.
- Acid, caustic
- A chemical reaction in which small molecules combine to form larger molecules.
- Polymerization
- The maximum temperature that an organix peroxide may be stored safely
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Maximum Safe Storage Temperature
(MSST) - This material lacks carbon chains, but may contain a carbon atom
- Inorganic
- When some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide reaches this temperature, irreversible decomposition will begin
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Self-accelerating decomposition temperature
(SADT) - Derived from materials that are living or once were living
- Organic
- Positively charged particle emitting some radioactive material and is not considered dangerous unless ingested
- Alpha Radiation
- Relates to the process of liquifying gasses and is the pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to it's liquid state.
- Critical Pressure
- NIOSH hazardous materials database.
- RTECS
- The temperature that a liquid turns to a gas.
- Boiling Point
- The ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state.
- Volatility
- Added to a product to control the chemical reaction with other products.
- Inhibitor
- The temperature which a solid turns into a liquid.
- Melting Point
- Influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident involving that product.
- Temperature of Product
- Deep scratch reducing the thickness of the container wall. Caused by blunt object. Critical if it crosses a weld area.
- Score
- The temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid.
- Freezing Point