AST test 1 CH 4
Terms
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If you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
A.your mass
B.the force you exert on the scale
C.the gravitational force exerted on you by Earth - B.
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The acceleration of gravity on Earth is approximately 10 m/s2 (more precisely, 9.8 m/s2). If you drop a rock from a tall building, about how fast will it be falling after 3 seconds?
A.20 m/s
B.10 m/s2
C.30 m/s2
D.30 m/s
E.10 m/s
- D.
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Which of the following describes a speed, according to an astronomer?
A.20 meters per second, headed north
B.1000 rotations per second
C.10 light-years per 1 million years
D.5 light-years - C.
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Which of the following examples describes a situation where a car is experiencing a net force?
A.The car is stopped on a hill.
B.The car is making a gradual turn.
C.The car is floating on a stationary boat.
D.The car is moving at constant spee - B.
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Suppose that two objects collide. Which of the following things is NOT the same both before and after the collision?
A.the total energy of the objects
B.the total temperature of the objects
C.the total momentum of the objects
D.the total angul - B.
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What does temperature measure?
A.the total potential energy of particles in a substance
B.the total amount of heat in a substance
C.the average mass of particles in a substance
D.the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance - D.
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According to the universal law of gravitation, if you triple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them _________.
A.increases by a factor of 3
B.decreases by a factor of 3
C.decreases by a factor of 9 - C.
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At which lunar phase(s) are tides least pronounced (e.g., the lowest high tides)?
A.full moon
B.first quarter
C.new moon
D.both new and full moons
E.both first and third quarters - E.
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At which lunar phase(s) are tides most pronounced (for example, the highest high tides)?
A.both new and full moons
B.both first and third quarters
C.full moon only
D.new moon only - A.
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The difference between speed and velocity is that ________.
A.velocity is calculated using a physics equation
B.velocity also includes a direction
C.velocity is the same as acceleration but speed is different
D.they are expressed in different - B.
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Why are astronauts weightless in the Space Station?
A.because the Space Station is moving at constant velocity
B.because the Space Station is constantly in free-fall around the Earth
C.because the Space Station is traveling so fast
D.because t - B.
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A net force acting on an object will always cause a change in the object's ________.
A.momentum
B.direction
C.mass
D.speed - A.
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The energy attributed to an object by virtue of its motion is known as ________.
A.mass-energy
B.potential energy C.kinetic energy
D.radiative energy - C.
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Momentum is defined as ________.
A.mass times velocity
B.mass times speed
C.force times velocity
D.mass times acceleration - A.
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Newton's Second Law of Motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals its ________.
A.mass times energy
B.momentum times velocity
C.mass times velocity
D.mass times acceleration
- D.
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Radiative energy is ________.
A.energy of motion
B.heat energy
C.energy from nuclear power plants
D.energy carried by light - D.
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Absolute zero is ________.
A.0° Fahrenheit
B.0° Celsius
C.0 Kelvin
D.100° Celsius - C.
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What does temperature measure?
A.the average mass of particles in a substance
B.the total potential energy of particles in a substance
C.the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
D.the total amount of heat in a substance - C.
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What is the acceleration of gravity at the surface of Earth?
A.9.8 m/s downward
B.9.8 m2/s downward
C.9.8 km/s2 downward
D.9.8 m/s2 downward
E.9.8 km/s downward - D.
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If an object's velocity is doubled, its momentum is
A.quadrupled.
B.halved.
C.doubled.
D.unchanged.
E.dependent on its acceleration. - C.
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As long as an object is not gaining or losing mass, a net force on the object will cause a change in
A.speed.
B.weight.
C.direction.
D.acceleration.
E.velocity - E.
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The speed at which a pool ball moves after being struck by a cue is most directly an example of
A.Newton's first law of motion.
B.Newton's second law of motion.
C.Newton's third law of motion.
D.the universal law of gravitation. - B.
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Changing the orbit of a spacecraft by firing thrusters is an example of
A.Newton's first law of motion.
B.Newton's second law of motion.
C.Newton's third law of motion.
D.the universal law of gravitation.
E.none of the above< - C.
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What quantities does angular momentum depend upon?
A.mass and velocity
B.force and radius
C.mass, velocity, and radius
D.momentum and angular velocity
E.force, velocity, and radius - C.
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Gasoline is useful in cars because it has
A.radiative energy.
B.gravitational potential energy.
C.kinetic energy.
D.chemical potential energy.
E.electrical potential energy. - D.
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The allowed shapes for orbits under the force of gravity are
A.ellipses, spirals, and parabolas.
B.ellipses only.
C.spirals, circles, and squares.
D.ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
E.ellipses and spirals. - D.
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The tides on Earth are an example of
A.Newton's first law of motion.
B.Newton's second law of motion.
C.Newton's third law of motion.
D.the universal law of gravitation.
E.none of the above - D.
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Consider the elliptical orbit of a comet around the Sun. Where in its orbit is the comet moving the fastest?
A.when it is closest to the Sun
B.when it is farthest from the Sun
C.It is always moving at the same speed. - A.
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Consider the elliptical orbit of a comet around the Sun. Where in its orbit does it have the largest amount of total orbital energy?
A.when it is closest to the Sun
B.when it is farthest from the Sun
C.It always has the same total orbital energy. - C.
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If a gas cloud shrinks, it
A.spins faster.
B.spins slower.
C.spins at the same rate as it did before it shrank. - A.
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If a gas cloud shrinks, its gravitational potential energy is converted into
A.chemical energy.
B.kinetic energy and sound waves.
C.thermal energy and radiative energy.
D.only radiative energy. - C.