turtle's & puma's exam science vocab
all vocab words off science list for exam. deffinitions state from book all 83. :) GT
Terms
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- Continental
- Hot or cold dry air that comes over a land therefore not picking up a lot of moister.
- Wetland
- A land area that is coverd by shallow water all or most of the year.
- ppm
- (parts per million) The amount of acidic particals in water are measured by this.
- Dew Point
- The temperature at which the water vapor in the air becomes saturated and condensation begins.
- Bogs
- areas of shallow depreasions formed by ice sheets.
- Freezing Rain
- Raindrops that freeze after they hit Earths surface.
- Occluded Front
- A complex weather system where warm air is cought between two cold air masses and usually results in days or a week of rain fall.
- Tropical
- Warm/hot air.
- Hurricane
- A tropical storm that has winds of 119 kilomeeters per hour or higher. is about 600 kilomeeters across.
- Fronts
- The boundries where air masses meet.
- pH
- How acidic or basic a substance is, measured on a on a scale of 0 to 14.
- Aeration
- When air is forced through water to reduce unpleasant odors and taste
- Lightning
- A sudden spark or electrical discharge.
- Tributaries
- Streams or smaller rivers that feeds into a main river.
- Cirrus
- A wispy white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude.
- Leach Field
- The ground area around a septic tank through which waste waters filters after leaving the tank.
- Stratus
- Type of cloud that form in flat layers and often covers much of the sky.
- Thunderstorm
- A small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning .
- Polar
- Cold/cool air.
- Concentration
- The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance.
- Sleet
- A type of precipitation that forms when it falls through a layer of freezing air (freezes before hiting the ground) ice particles smaller than 5 millimeteres.
- Capillary Action
- The combined force of atraction among water molecules and with the attraction of surrounding materials.
- Filtration
- The process of passing water through a series of screens that allow the water through, but not larger solid particles.
- Swamps
- Flooded forestest with trees and shrubs sprouting from the water.
- Infrared Radiation
- A form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light. you can't see this light.
- Surface Tension
- The tightnes across the surface of the water due to the attraction of the polar molecules
- Sewage
- Wastewater and different kinds of wastes in it
- Evaporation
- The proses by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gasious state.
- Precipitation
- Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail, freezing rain, or sleet.
- Tornado
- A rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to Earths surface. Most commonly developes in thick cumulonimbus clouds. The same clouds as thunder storms.
- Stationary Front
- A front that consists of a warm air mass and a cold air mass and which neither is strong enough to move the other resulting in days or weeks of rain fall.
- Solution
- A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves in another.
- Fog
- Droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground (clouds near the ground).
- Permeable rock
- The ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces or pores.
- Winter Storm
- A storm that consist of large amounts of snow and ice with very cold temperatures. Has to bee 0 degrees Celcius all thw way to the ground.
- Humidity
- The amount of water vapor in the air.
- Air Mass
- A large body of air that has about the same temperature, air pressure and humidity.
- Lake Turnover
- In the wintertime the top water of the lakes become cooler and denser than the bottom. This causes the lake waters to mix. This mixing causes material to rise from the lake bottom.
- Watershed
- The land area that supplies water to a river system.
- Rain
- Water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere.
- Droughts
- Long periods of unusualy low levels of precipitation.
- Specific Heat
- The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a certain mass of a substaince by one degree Celcius.
- Maritime
- Air that consists of cold or hot humid air (gets its moister from the oceans).
- Saturated Zone
- The area of permeable rock or soil that is totally filled or saturated with water.
- Rain Gauge
- An open ended can or tube that collects rain fall to be measured.
- Ultraviolet Radiation
- This is an invisible form of energy with wavelegnths that are shorter than violet light. this can cause sunburns, skin cancer, and eye damadge.
- Green House Effect
- Process by which heat is trapped by gasses in earth's atmophere causing the atmosphere to heat up.
- Psychrometer
- A hygrometer that consisting of a dry-bulb thermometer and a wet-bulb thermometer.
- Coagulation
- Use of chemicals to create flocs, which dirt and other solids stick to.
- Unsaturated Zone
- The layer of rocks and soil above the water table in which the pores contain air as well as water.
- Polar Molecules
- Molecules that have electricaly charged molecules.
- Settling Basins
- Basins where the flocks in the water sink.
- Prevailing Westerlies
- The major wind belt in the US that blows from west to east. Is the cause of the direction of fronts and storms.
- Aquifer
- Underground layers of rock or sediment the holds water.
- Cumulous
- Masses of puffy white clouds at low altitudes associated with fair weather.
- Electromagnetic Waves
- A form of energy that can move through the vacume of space.
- Impermeable
- Materials that water cannot pass through easily.
- Eutropication
- The Prosses by which nutrients in a lake biulds up over time causing more algae to grow and the lake to fill up over time.
- Scattering
- Interaction of of light with gas particals and dust that causes light to change direction, turning the sky different colors.
- Desalination
- The process of evaporating sea water to seperate salt and water which can later be used by humans.
- Cloud Seeding
- Tiny crystals of silver iodide and dry ice are sprinkled into cloudes by airplanes.
- Ground Water
- Water that fills the cracks and spaces in an under ground rock layers.
- Reservoir
- A lake that stores water for human use.
- Warm Front
- A fast moving warm air mass that overtakes a cold air mass. Usually resulting in lots of cloud or light precipitation.
- Spring
- An openig in an aquifer where water trickles out.
- Jet Stream
- A high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere. Inside the prevailing Westerlies
- Condensation
- When a gas reaches its dew piont it starts changing back into a liquid.
- Snow
- Precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals.
- Artesian well
- A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer.
- Solvent
- A substance that dissolves another substance
- Water table
- The top of the saturated zone.
- Water Cycle
- The continuous prosses by which water moves from earths surface to the atmosphere and back.
- Marsh
- Areas of shallow water covered by tall grasses. They team with catails and other tall grassy plants.
- Water Hardness
- The level of calcium and magnesium in water.
- Conservation
- To use reasorces carfully so they don't run out.
- Irrigation
- Process of supplying water to the land for growing crops.
- Radiation
- The direct transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- Storm
- A violent disturbance in the atmosphere.
- Cold Front
- A fast moving cold air mass that over takes a warm air mass. Usualy brings cooller weather along with quick down pours of precipitation.
- Water Quality
- The degree of purity of water, determined by measuring the substance in water, besides water molecules.
- Continental Divide
- The areas of a country where water hits the ground and flows into diferent river systems.
- Hail
- Precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents, forms in cumulonimbus clouds.
- Relative Humidity
- The percentage of moisture in the air compared with the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature without condensing.