APES Review
Terms
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- RCRA
- 1976; Controls hazardous waste with a cradle to grave system from storage, treatment, transportation to disposal.
- CERCLA
- 1980; Created $1.6 billion superfund designed to identify and clean up abandoned hazardous waste dump sites. Est liablility for clean up costs if source could be identified.
- R strategist
- reproduce early, many small unprotected offspring
- Assimilation
- inorganic N is converted into organic molecules such as DNA/ amino acids and proteins
- Percent water on earth by type
- 97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater
- Commensalism
- symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits and the other is unaffected
- Energy flow in food webs
- only 10% of the usable energy is transferred because usable energy lost as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is digested and absorbed, predators expend energy to catch prey
- Clean Water Act
- 1972; set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways and created pollutant discharge permits. Goal: To make all water swimmable and fishable.
- Parasitism
- relationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host
- Aerobic respiration
- oxygen consuming producers, consumers & decomposers break down complex organic compounds and convert C back into CO2
- FLPMA
- 1976; outlines procedures concerning the use and preservation of public US lands
- Parts of the hydrologic cycle
- evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration
- Wilderness Act
- 1964; est. the national wilderness preservation system
- Cogeneration
- using waste heat to make electricity
- Phosphorous does not circulate as easily as N because...
- it does not exist as a gas, but is released by weathering of phosphate rocks
- NEPA
- 1969; Environmental Impact statements must be done before any progect effecting federal lands is started. Created a council on environmental quality.
- Water Quality Act
- 1965; attempt to reduce non-point pollution by creating government watch dog under Dept of Health, Ed and Welfare
- FIFRA
- 1947; regulates the manufacture and use of pesticides
- US Population
- 300 million
- Denitrification
- bacteria convert ammonia back into N
- During a Non El Nino year...
- easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the West coast of South America
- Food Quality Protection Act
- 1996; Set pesticide limits in food, and all active and inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/ endocrine effects.
- Biotic/ abiotic
- living & nonliving components of an ecosystem
- Mutualism
- symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit
- Producer/ autotroph
- photosynthetic life
- Endangered Species Act
- 1973; protects threatened and endangered animals in the US, and puts their protection over economic considerations.
- Ammonification
- decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia
- Primary succession
- development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life (lava)
- Clean Air Act
- 1970; established national primary and secondary air quality standards. Set emission standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants.
- During an El Nino year...
- trade winds weaken and warm water sloshed back to SA
- World Population
- 6.5 billion
- K strategist
- reproduce late, few, cared for offspring
- Secondary succession
- life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire)
- Carrying Capacity
- the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area
- Photosynthesis
- plants convert atmospheric C (CO2) into complex carbohydrates (glucose C6 H12 O6)
- Nitrogen fixing
- because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria (rhizobium)
- Nitrification
- ammonia is converted into nitrate ions (NO-3)
- aquifer
- any water bearing layer in the ground
- SMCRA
- 1977; requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land
- SDWA
- 1974; set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants that may have adverse effects on human health
- Ocean Dumping Ban Act
- 1988; Bans dumping of sewage, sludge, and industrial waste into oceans.
- SARA
- increased superfund to $8.5 Billion. Shares responsibility for cleanup among potentially responsible parties.