Rel - Islam
Terms
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- Define Muslim
- One who submits/one who commits himself to Islam
- Islam means _____
- Submission/Surrender
- A conservative estimate gives Islam ______ billion followers
- 1.2
- The revelations of Islam
- Quran (Traditionally spelled Koran)
- Hadith
- A book of tradition written by the first generation of Muslims, and handed down orally and in writting
- Two ways to get information on Muhammad's life and teachings
- Hadith and Muslim biographies of the Phrophet, appearing during the first centuries of Muslim history
- In the time of Muhammad, ______ actually populated much of the Western parts of Arabia
- Jews - They had fled from enemies (Assyrian, Babylonian, Greeks, Romans)
- Arabs and Jews worked together to...
- Cultivate the oases in western Arabia
- Jazirat al-'Arab
- The Island of the Arabs - The Arabian Peninsula was called this
- Bedouins
- nomadic Arabs inhabiting desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa
- Al-Rub 'al-Khali
- The Vacant Quarter. A portion of the peninsula made up of sand dunes, 1/3 of a million square miles. Even Bedouins did not go here
- Describe South Arabia
-
+Rounded headed, hook-nosed
+Farmers.
+Spoke with Semitic dialiect and with Ethiopic words.
+Good land, so many wars/attackers. Recurrent depressions, etc - Describe North Arabia
-
+Long-headed
+Spoke Arabic
+Predatory and cooperative habits (1000s years in desert will give you that)
+Never occupied or conquered (Nothing of value) - Three sections of Arabia
- N/S Arabia, Al-Rub al-Khali, Al-Hijaz
- Al-Hijaz
- Mountain range running parallel with the Red Sea.
- Ta'if, Mecca, and Yathrib (AKA Medina) were trading posts for
- Traders to make there way to Petra, whic hten went west and north to Egyps and Syria with spices
- Jews and Christians had footholds in
- The commerical centers of Arabia
- Before Islam, many people worshiped ______________
- Local gods or tribal gods
- Allah, before Islam, was
- Vaguely conceived as the creator, a far-off high god
- The tribe that worshiped Allah, preislam was
- Quraysh
- Besides worshiped divinities, _____ were also give homage
- Lesser spirits
- Jinn
- Where "genie" comes from. Spirits, capable of assuming human and animal form to help human efforts
- Throughout Asia, ____ existed, as demonstarted by offerings of weapons and cloth hung on trees, and totemism
- Animalism
- Kaba
- "the cube". Grey stone in Mecca, covered with a black cloth. Center of Islamic world. Point o pryer and pilgramage
- Hajj, pre-islam, was intended
- To worship the Kaba, which was believed to have fallen from the sky "In the days of Adam"
- Who is believed to have built the Kaba
- Abraham, while on a visit to his son, Ishmael
- Zamzam
- holy well. Traditionally, it is said that Muhammad's grandfather found the well after it was hidden by the Bani-Jurhum tribe.
- Inhabited Mecca before Muhammad's tribe did
- Bani-Jurhum
- Muhammad's tribe was the ____
- Quraysh
- Less Pilgrimage
- The tradition of immitating Hagar, and running from Zamzam to the Kaba hill
- The Greater Pilgrimage
- Includes the lesser pilgrimage, as well as an extensive tour of hills east of Mecca, and visits to celebrated places in Arabian history
- Hubal
- PreIslam, the Chief maile diety
- PreIslam, the Kaba was a place for
- The worship of dieties like al-Lat, al-Manat, and al-'Uzza as well as preislam's Allah
- Mecca relied completely on commerce, because ____
- Barren lands prevented growing of crops.
- Mecca was _____, so many caravans traveled there
- The only central town to Yemen and Syria
- Arabia lost much wealth when the nations of ___ and ____ got into the spice trade
- India and Somaliland
- PreIslam, two tribes that fought for control of Mecca
- Quraysh and Khuza
- Muhammad's clan of the Quraysh tribe
- Hashimite
- Muhammad's birth
- 571 CE
- With his parents dead, Muhammad was raised in poverty by his ___
- Grandfather, and then his uncle
- Abu Talib
- Muhammad's uncle
- It is believed that Muhammed got information on Christianity and Judaism from ____
- Traveling caravans
- Muslims believe that Muhammad did not write the Quran, instead ___ _did
- An angel, sent to him
- Khadiji
- Muhammad's wife
- Muhammad had ___ - ____ sons, and ___ daughters
-
2-3 sons (Both died in childbirth)
Four daughters - At 40 years, Muhammad visited a cave at the base of ____
- Mt. Hira
- The "Night of Power and Excellence"
- Vision of the angel Gabriel visited M, at the cave.
- Gabriel
- Messenger of Allah
- nabi
- True prophet
- rasul
- apostle
- Muhammad was rejected, not because of his beliefs, but because
- We saw himself as a prophet, which was seen as a claim to leadership
- Successor of Muhammad is called
- Caliph
- Although his gathers numbered in the 40s, the Quraysh tribe often
- Attempted to break up meetings
- In 620 CE, Muhammad moved to
- Yathrib
- The jouney to Yathrib is known as
- The Hajra
- Yathrib was changed to ___ in Muhammad's honor
- Medina
- The first Mosque was
- At Muhammed's home
- What year did Mecca assult Medina, after Muhammad provoked them?
- 627 CE - The Battle of the Ditch
- When did Muhammed march on Mecca
- 630 CE
- Muhammed died in
- 632 CE
- Iman
- Articles of faith
- Ihsan
- right conduct
- 'ibadat
- religious duty
- Statement of faith
- There is no god but God and Muhammad is
- Suras
- Chapters within the Koran
- Sunni Muslims believe/do not believe in predestination
- Sunni Muslims believe that the Koran speaks to predestination
- Abraham, Moses, and Jesus were all ____, according to Islam
- Prophets
- Quran
- The undistored and final word to people from God
- Uthmanic text
- The texts created by committee appointed by Caliph Uthman. Four were made.
- The Quran continues to provide guidence, even to
- The legal system
- Five Pillars of Islam
- The Creed, Prayer, Almsgiving, Fasting during Ramadan, Pilgrimage
- The Creed
- Shahada
- Prayer
- Salat
- Almsgiving
- Zakat
- Pilgrimage
- Hajj
- What creed to Muslims repeat?
- This is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah
- What times do Muslims pray?
- Dawn, midday, midafternoon, sunset, after dark, at bedtime
- ____ is a special day for prayer
- Friday
- _____% of their ______ is given in Zakat
- 2.5% of their accumulated wealth of a man or his family at the end of the year
- After what point can one no longer eat during Ramadan?
- When you can distinguish a light thread from a dark thread at sunup
- Dhu-al-Hijja
- The month that Muslims are to perform the Hajj.
- circumambulation of the Kaba
- Start at the Blakc stone and run three times fast and four times slowly around the building,. Stop each time to kiss the stone.
- Caliph
- Successor to Muhammad
- Three major political parties of early Muslim history
- The Companions, the legitimists, and the Ummayyads
- The companions wanted
- The Caliph to come from one of them
- The Legitimists wanted
- THe caliph to come from hereditary
- The Ummayyads (Leaders of Muhammad's tribe) wanted
- To decide, because they were Muhammad's tribe's leaders
- Abu Bakr
- Chosen by the Companions to be Caliph. Died one year later. Known for forcing tribes to rejoin coallition, and getting more to join
- Umar's caliph dates
- The second caliph. 634-644 CE
- Uthman's caliph dates
- The third caliph. 644-656 CE
- Ali and Mu'awiya were battling for the caliph when
- Ali was killed
- In 661, Mu'awiya too the Caliphate, and ruled from
- Damascus
- Mu'awiya was chased from power to
- Spain
- Kharijites
- "separatists" / "Secessionists" who believed that Islam needed to be purged of political games behind the scenes
- Murjites
- Disagreed with the Kharijites and said the only God can judge who is a true Muslim
- Ijtihad
- The exercise of reason in the forming of a judgment
- Sunnis
- People who did, and still do, resort to the Hadith, opininons of those in Mecca at the time of Muhammad, etc. to solve behavior
- Shari'a
- "The Way" - The law of Islam
- Ulama
- "The learned" - Trained Islamic teachers, theologians, and jurists
- Four schools of the law
- Hanifite, Malikite, Shafi'ite, Hanbalite
- Hanifite
- Followed in Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and by Muslims in India and central Asia
- Malikite
- Interpreted laws and rites in the light of the quran and the Hadith. When there was a difficulty, they leaned towards public opinion in Mecca. Followed in N Africa, Egypt, and eastern Arabia
- Shafi'ite
- Four sources of the law: words of God (Quran), deeds of Prophet, consensus of Muslim community, and analogy
- Qiyas
- Analogy
- Hanbalite
- Most conservative. Follows the strict Qurran
- Mutazilites
- Engaged in Kalam
- Kalam
- The use of logic in religious arguments
- Sufis
- "wool wearers" -
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