Test 3 Ron Wright HIST 1302

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What were two effects of the prosperity of the 1920's?: Buying sprees of new technology and mass advertising
The mass advertising in the 1920's was aimed mostly towards who? and what were they trying to market?: Advertised to women promoting appliances (don't be a slave to your household mentality)
* 4 Causes of the Great Depression - why we go from economic prosperity to a collapse.: 1)Underconsumption 2)"Weak Link" 3)Weakened economy b/c of WWI 4)National Gv't
What was the "weak link" in regards to the causes of the Great Depression?: The 40% of the US population that were farmers. They were already in a depression.
What was the national governments role in causing the Great Depression?: Tariffs were raised to protect American goods
What was the result of raised import tariffs?: Trade wars and the decline of world trade to 55%.
*What is the vicious cycle of a depression?: 1)Businesses cut production 2)Cut wages/Unemployment goes up 3)Public cuts back spending (return to 1)
What 3 things did Herbert Hoover do during his administration to try and right the depression?: 1)Reconstruction Finance Corporation 2)Taxes increased 3)Raised Tariff
What was Herbert Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation and was it a success?: It made loans to businesses and banks; failure
Why did Herbert Hoover increase taxes during the US' depression, and did it succeed?: Tried to balance deficit spending; failure
Hoover was very conservative when it came to helping the US population via what?: welfare for the poor
Hoover became what sort of representative for the Great Depression?: the scapegoat
People living during the Great Depression referred to it as what and what was the % of typical US wealth?: Hard Times; 50
*What was the unemployment rate during the Great Depression?: 25%
What disease most heavily effected men in their 30's and 40's during the "Hard Times?": Depression Sickness
What was the irony of food production during the Great Depression?: Too much food was produced, but the urbaners couldn't buy it.
During what years was the Great Depression?: 1929-1940
What was the average wage during the Great Depression and what was the typical wage cut?: $16/wk; 40%
What was the first thing sold by households to try and reduce spending/make money?: telephone
What were the effects on the birthrate, suicide rate, and major crime rate during the Great Depression?: Birth down; Suicide up; Crime down - people helped each other
Who ran in the 1932 election and what was their campaign?: Hoover-Rep: no welfare or direct payments! FDRoosevelt-Dem: was a pragmatist, experimentation
What was the name of Roosevelt's plan to fix the US during the depression?: The New Deal
What was the "Brain's Trust?": the idea men behind the New Deal
*What were the 3 goals (3 R's) of the Brain's Trust?: Relief, Recovery, and Reform
In what 3 ways was relief provided to Americans via the New Deal?: welfare, FERA, and CCC (both organizations disbanded in 1941)
What was FERA?: Federal Emergency Relief Administration
What was the CCC?: Civilian Conservation Core - participants had to finish high school or learn a trade
What 4 things were done under the recovery goal of the New Deal?: 1)AAA created 2)City people taxed 3)Forced wealth transfer 4)WPA set up
What was the AAA and what did it do?: Agricultural Adjustment Act- for farmers only; farmers were paid NOT to produce goods (25% less)
What was the WPA and what was it supposed to accomplish?: Works Progress Administration - for Urban unemployed; "pump priming" via public works jobs
WPA was mocked with what name because of what occurrences?: "We Poke Along"; boondoggling- gv't paying for silly things (ditch story)
What issues were faced by Roosevelt with the 1935 election?: unemployment at 17%, unhappy conservatives "Raw Deal," and unhappy liberals/radicals "the No Deal" wanted more gv't aid
Who ran against Roosevelt in the 1935 elections?: "Kingfish" Huey Long - virtual dictator of Louisiana
What was Huey Long's election campaign?: Sharing of Wealth
What 3 things exemplified Huey Long's "rule" of Louisiana?: 1)Demanded 5% of income 2)Everyone had to vote and bring 5 people or they lost their jobs 3)Said he was going to run for president
Why did Huey make alot of enemies, and what were the results of this?: Stepped on people; assassinated
What was the goal of Reform legislation: Create a fixed economy, no more depression
What 3 pieces of Legislation were for "Reform": 1)Wealth Tax Act 2)Wagner Act 3)Social Security Act
Wealth Tax Act: Raised income tax and corporate tax
Wagner Act: With unions on the rise; the gv't is pro-union
Social Security Act: Most important New Deal law; old age retirement plan taken from Germany, made us a "National Welfare State"
Who was pushing for the Social Security Act?: Francis Perkins (female)
Fair Labor Standards Act: Minimum Wage - benefits unions and hurts the poor; no wage bargaining
What 3 things marked the end of the New Deal?: 1)Spending cut (unemployment up, taxes up, economy down) 2)Conservative Coalition 3)WWII is on the way
What was the Conservative Coalition with respect to the end of the New Deal?: made it harder for the president to pass laws.
What solved the depression?: WWII? NO, it didn't end the depression, it killed unemployment.
When did Wilson convince the US to join the League of Nations?: Never
Washington Conference: Naval disarmament to the point of destroying some ships, "Open Door Agreement"
What was the US stance on foreign policy in the 1920's?: Pacifism, we had no standing army
Kellogg-Briand Pact: Signed by 62 nations, war was outlawed, and disputes had to be solved by negotiation.
What was the result of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?: Democratic nations where encouraged to disarm and isolate.
In 1931 Japan was going through a huge depression and the military came to power, the result...: was the attack on Manchuria for food and resources.
What happened when China appealed to the League and then the US for help?: League didn't respond, US was too far away with no army, in a depression, and isolationist
What was the US response to Japan attacking China?: Stimson Doctrine
*Stimson Doctrine: If you attack another country and claim territory the US will not recognize it. Speaking against the act but avoiding war; "moral condemnation"
What 3 totalitarian regimes came about as a result of WWI?: USSR, Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany
USSR post WWI: Communist "class struggle"- Stalin (Man of Steel)
Fascist Italy: Mussolini
Nazi Germany: "struggle of the races" Aryans-> Slavs-> Jews Lebenscraum
What's Lebenscraum: Hitler's plan to bust out of Germany to gain food and resources, eventually taking out Russia, 2/3 would be killed, the rest would be slaves
What are the 3 parts of the Neutrality acts?: 1)American companies cannot sell to nations at war 2)American banks can't loan money to same 3)American's can't travel on ships owned by same
Hitler took Austria with: no effect from Froance or Britain
Munich Conference: England and France met to negotiate with Hitler and ended up giving him part of Czechoslavakia
Results of the Munich Conference: Hitler was appeased and believed he could get away with anything -> finished taking Czech
When Hitler went after the previously German piece of Poland...: Stalin threatened to join France and England; later agreed to work w/ Germany
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Act: permanent friendship btwn Stalin and Germany; Stalin gets the Baltic states and 1/2 of Poland
Germany attacks Poland: Poland falls with help from Russia
Results of Germany's attack on Poland: France and England declare war on Germany
In 1939, FDR asks for a revision to the Neutrality Act to do what?: "cash and carry" - we make stuff for the allies, they come get it, and pay with gold
Summer 1940 Hitler attacks: France, takes Paris, and the country falls in 6 wks
What nation suffered the most casualties?: USSR
What nations broke Germany?: Russia, England, US
blitzkrieg: lightning war; offense -> mobility, win quickly
what technologies were used in the blitzkrieg?: tank, aircraft, and radio (most important)
Churchill: Prime Minister of Britain
1940 FDR did what 2 things?: Increased the military, passed the Selective Service Act
Selective Service Act: first peacetime draft (passed by 2 votes), "Fortress America"
FDR was the first president to: run for a 3rd term
Lend Lease Act in 1941: Lent equipment to England to fight Germany
Germany attacks USSR: Operation Barbarosa - failure
USS Greer: FDR declared "shoot on sight," "armed neutrality"
Arsenal of Democracy: Detroit, Michigan; automotive factories -> armaments
Pearl Harbor Date: Dec 7 1941
Dates of WWII: 1939-1945
*What 3 countries was WWII fought in?: Germany, Japan, and Italy
Who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor: Yamamoto
What did FDR refer to WWII as?: the survival war
US Military composed of: 15 million men (more were wanted, pres said no)
Women's Army Corps: worked very well, by the end of the war, 200,000 were involved
Office of Price Administration: rationing of food, and gasoline (to save rubber)
3 OPA classes: C - unlimited (public service, doctors, etc.) B - truckers and farmers A - commoners (3 gal/wk)
FDR coined the phrase: "the war of smokestacks"
Despite low German expectations: the US produced way more war weapons than all the axis powers
Greenbooks: info, facts and mistakes from past battles, include interviews of captured generals, etc.
Marshal Kessler: interviewed for a greenbook; US greatest asset? production companies
WWII was a war of: OIL
Turning point in WWI: Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad: Generals urged Hitler to attack Moscow, but he went after oil instead; last great blitzkrieg (fail), 6th army surrounded
US influence in Europe (3 things): 1)Defeat the Uboats (read german mail) 2)Lend-Lease 3)"Second Fronts"
Second Fronts: Invade France (Nazi ruled) from Britain, Invaded N Africa, and Italy (Mussolini overthrown)
Air Bombing Campaigns had what results: more civilian casualties than soldier
terror bombing: done by the british to germany after heavy plane casualties, strengthened german resolve
daylight bombing: US upon germany- attacked plane factories (inefficient), switched to oil industry
D-Day: US forces landed on france and Germans failed
FDR proclaimed "unconditional surrender" when: it was suspected that stalin was double-dealing the US
VE Day: Victory over Hitler
Pacific war was: the greatest naval battle ever
Yamato was to: take islands and supplies from the US
For Yamato to succeed: 1)Hitler had to win WWII 2)Japan had to destroy US aircraft carriers
Turning point of the Pacific War: Battle of Midway- Japan tried to ambush us (we were reading their mail), and we ambushed them
What broke the japanese code: "magic"
US influences in the pacific (4 things): 1)Island Hopping campaigns (beat Jap) 2)Battles of Attrition (Jap couldn't afford) 3)Silent Victory (US subs- decisive) 4)Air Bombing- cities

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