Geography 1 Semester Finals Vocab
Terms
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- geography
- the study of the earth's surface and the processes that shape it, the connections between places, and the complex relationships between people and their environments
- relative location
- the position of a place in relation to another place
- functional region
- a group of places connected by movement; e.g. the region drained by the Amaxon River/tributaries
- crust
- the solid rocky surface layer of the earth
- biosphere
- the world of plants, animals, and other living things in earth's land and waters
- continental drift theory
- the idea that continents slowly shift their positions due to movement of the tectonic plates on which they ride
- mechanical weathering
- the actual breaking up or physical weakening of rock by forces such as ice and roots
- glacier
- a huge, slow-moving mass of snow and ice
- megalopolis
- very large city; a region made up of several large cities and their surrounding areas, considered to be a single urban complex
- fjord
- a narrow valley or inlet from the sea, originally carved out by an advancing glacier and filled by melting glacial ice
- euro
- the common currency used by member nations of the European Union
- NAFTA
- North American Free Trade Agreement which phased out trade barriers among the US, Canada, & Mexico
- tariff
- a tax imposed by a government on imported goods
- Creole
- the official language of Haiti
- GIS
- geographic information system; which uses computer technology to collect and analyze data about the earth's surface in order to solve geographic problems
- character of a place
- the physical and human characteristics that help to distinguish a place from other places
- perceptual region
- a group of places that is defined by people's feeling and attitudes
- atmosphere
- the layer of gases, water vapor, and other substances above the earth
- continent
- any of the 7 large landmasses of the earth's surface: africa, australia, antarctica, asia, europe, north america, south america
- ring of fire
- a ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the pacific ocean
- erosion
- the movement of weathered materials, including gravel soil and sand, usually caused by water, wind, and glaciers
- moraine
- a ridgelike mass of rock, gravel, sand, and clay carried and deposited by a glacier
- province
- a territory governed as a political division of a country
- British Isles
- Ireland and the U.K.; Ireland, Northern Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland
- Walloons
- french-speaking belgians
- new england
- north east usa, consisting of the states Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
- secede
- to withdraw formally from membership in a political or religious organization
- gourdes
- basic units of currency in Haiti
- absolute location
- the position on the earth in which a place can be found
- perception
- a viewpoint that is influenced by one's own culture and experiences
- core
- the earth's center, consisting of very hot metal that is dense and solid in the inner core and molten, or liquid, in the outer core
- lithosphere
- the surface features of the earth, including soil, rocks, and landforms
- relief
- the differences in elevation of the landforms in any particular area
- weathering
- the chemical or mechanical process by which rock is gradually broken down, eventually becoming soil
- sediment
- particles of soil, sand, and gravel carried and deposited by wind or water
- GNP
- gross national product; the total value of a nation's goods and services, including the output of domestic firms in foreign countries and excluding the domestic output of foreign firms
- contiguous
- connecting without a break
- Aurora Borealis
- the northern lights
- United Kingdom
- an island country of western europe, consisting of england, scotland, wales, and northern ireland
- Inuit
- a group of Eskimo people inhabiting the Arctic from northern Alaska eastward to eastern Greenland, particularly Canada
- free enterprise
- an economic system that allows individuals to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses in an open, competitive market
- Taino
- a person in the Bahamas who became extinct under Spanish colonization during the 16th century
- hemisphere
- a half of the earth; the equatore divides the northern and southern hemispheres; the prime meridian divides the east and west hemispheres
- formal region
-
a group of places that have similar attributes
e.g. a political region - mantle
- a thick layer of mostly solid rock beneath the earth's crust that surrounds the earth's core
- hydrosphere
- the water contained in oceans, lakes, rivers, and under the ground
- plate tectonics
- the theory that the earth's outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates whose constant movemnt explains earthquakes and volcanic activity
- acid rain
- rain whose high concentration of chemicals, usually from industrial pollution, pollutes water, kills plant and animal life, and eats away at the surface of stone and rock; (chemical weathering)
- loess
- fine-grained, mineral-rich loam, dust or silt deposited by the wind
- renaissance
- rebirth; the revival of art, literature, and learning that took place in Europe during the 1300-1500
- cultural diffusion
- the process by which people adopt the practices of their neighbors
- Great Britain
- a country in western europe consisting of England, Scotland, and Wales
- peat
- spongy material containing waterlogged nad decaying mosses and plants, sometimes dried and used as fuel
- Maritime
- bordering on or near the sea; relating to navigation or shipping
- Hispaniola
- an island in the Caribbean Sea, divided between Haiti on the west and the Dominican Republic on the east
- Quinceanera
- a Latin American 15th birthday celebration for girls, more special than other birthdays; celebrating the girl's entry to womanhood
- the _________ mountain range is found in the eastern usa
- appalachian mountains
- the ________ bay is located in canada
- hudson bay
- a _________ map shows political boundaries or distribution of political power
- political map
- US has a ______ government
- democratic government
- a province in canada trying to break away to form its own nation
- quebec
- the ______ people settled in florida, texas, and present-day southwestern usa
- spanish peoples
- the _________ is the total value of a nation's output of goods and services
- gross national profit (GNP)
- 90% of canadians live within _______ miles of the us border
- 100 miles of the us border
- ________ is the m ost common ecosystem in canada
- coniferous
- sunbelt of the us overlaps 2 regions:
- south & west
- most important feature of ontario
- the waterways
- USA's oil is located predominately in these states
- Alaska & Texas
- Territories of Canada
- Yukon Territories, Northwest Territories, Nunavut
- Four us regions
- South, west, midwest, northeast
- Canada's newest territory is called:
- Nunavut
- major political parties in the us
- Republicans, democrats
- 'breadbasket' of the US
- midwest
- alberta, manitoba, and saskatchewan areknown as the ______ provinces
- prairie
- Most Canadian immigrants come from this part of the world
- europe
- a person leaving a country to immigrate to another one is known as a
- emigrant
- a band of hills running the length of England's west coast
- 'highlands' of england
- the river on which London is located
- Thames River
- France's nickname
- the Hexagon
- Italy's shape
- a boot
- Scotland is united with this country
- England
- this poet said 'england is a garden'
- Rudyard Kipling
- After WW2 this city became Germany's cultural center
- Munich
- Capital of Italy
- Rome
- number of islands in Greece
- 2,000
- Iceland is producing and using _________
- geothermal energy
- the 2 countries that border Liechtenstein
- Austria & Switzerland
- southern region of Italy is known as the ___________
- Mezzogiorne
- nickname of Ireland
- the Emerald Isle
- another name for the Benelux countries
- the Low Countries
- European countries that are not part of the EU
- Switzerland, Monaco, Andorra, Norway, San Marino, Vatican, Liechtenstein
- capital of the European Union
- Brussels, Belgium
- all the countries on the Iberian Peninsula
- Spain, Andorra, Portugal
- the Nordic Nations
- Iceland, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden
- the neutral countries
- Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland
- the divisions of Ireland
- Northern Ireland, the republic of Ireland
- the Benelux countries
- Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
- When were Austria's borders formed?
- After WW2
- what happened in Ireland after they adopted the Euro?
- inflation (in Ireland)
- place less than 1 square mile large located in what city and country
- Vatican City; Rome, Italy
- natural resources found in USA
- oil, coal, gold, silver, hydroelectric power, forests, iron, copper)
- largest natural resource in Canada
- timber
- the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources
- a renewable resource is a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used
- this region has the fewest natural resources of the US
- northeast
- this state has the highest iron ore production in the us
- minnesota
- Canada's oldest city
- Victoria
- more than 1/2 the US african american population lives in this region
- south
- aspects of 'material' culture
- food,clothing,music architecture,art,technollogy.sports, entertainment
- this is how culture can be defined
- the way of life that distinguishes people
- in the U.S.there many diverse groups of people with distinct cultural identities. what is this called?
- melting pot
- most of the people who live in quebec identify themselves as _______
- french (people in quebec)
- the native people of the northern territories in Canada call themselves this
- Inuit
- name that means 'the people'
- Inuit
- more than half the US immigrants come from here
- latin america
- difference between immigrant and emigrant
- immigrant enters (comes into) a country, emigrant leaves (Exits) a country
- at the beginning of the 21st century, how many people in the US had been born in other countries around the world?
- more than 28 million
- the 5 great lakes
- Superior, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, Erie
- the most multi-cultural city in the world
- Toronto
- the significance of the continental divide
- it's the boundary that separates rivers flowing in opposite directions
- the characteristics that give new england its brilliant breathtaking fall colors
- precipitation, type of soil, varieties of trees
- the midwest land of the US is predominately used for this
- farming
- the growing season
- the average number of days between the last frost of spring and the first frost of fall, more than 200 days
- how many hectacres has Canada designated for national park/forest reserve land
- 600 million hectacres
- order the modes of transportation first/last: steamboat, canoe, train, car, airplane
- canoe, steamboat, train, car, airplane
- why is there little economic activity in the southwestern US
- desert climate makes farming and other activities difficult
- the largest island in the british isles
- great britain
- countries that make up great britain
- england, scotland, wales,
- people of northern europe call their land Norden, meaning:
- northlands
- countries that make up the nordic nations
- norway, sweden, finland, denmark, & iceland
- northern nations are also called the nordic nations. another name?
- scandinavia
- what does the castle on Spain's coat of arms symbolize?
- spain's history and physical characteristics
- Spain is also known as a meseta. what does it mean?
- plateau
- What is the name of the tiny country on Spain's border?
- Andorra
- what are siroccos?
- hot dry winds from northern africa that blow over spain
- the countries on the iberian peninsula
- andorra, spain, portugal
- how much land does scotland occupy of the UK?
- nearly 1/3
- what two physical features that separate scotland from england?
- cheviot hills, and tweed river
- what is one key to preserving the welsh culture?
- language
- what 3 countries are part of the EU, but use their own currencies?
- the UK, Sweden, Denmark
- 1/6 of ireland is covered by ________
- peat
- what event caused prices to increase sharply in Ireland?
- Ireland adopted the Euro
- why are the benelux also known as the low countries?
- because so much of their land is low and flat
- how long has luxembourg existed?
- more than 1,000 years
- what are the official languages of switzerland
- french, german & italian
- what mountain range runs from east to west along the entire northern boundary of italy
- alps
- what is the name for the world headquarters of the roman catholic church
- vatican city
- what is the northern region of Italy often called?
- European Italy
- what river drains the Paris Basin?
- the Seine
- in which region of france are the vineyards found?
- the southwest region
- what is the name of the busiest seaport in france?
- the port of Marseille
- What is the name of europe's busiest waterway?
- the Rhine River
- what is the tallest mountain peak in Greece?
- Mount Olympus, 9,570 feet
- About 3500 years ago, Crete was the center of what?
- the Bronze Age culture
- Greece was a part of which ancient empire?
- the Roman Empire
- Athens is known as the birthplace of what?
- Western Civilization
- During the industrial revolution, what was England known as?
- the workshop of the world