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Earth and Space Science Chapter 22 vocabulary

Terms

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Astronomy
the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.
Geocentric
having or representing the earth as a center
Heliocentric
measured or considered as being seen from the center of the sun.
Astronomical Unit 
a unit of length, equal to the mean distance of the earth from the sun: approximately 93 million miles
Rotation
the movement or path of the earth or a heavenly body turning on its axis.
Revolution
the orbiting of one heavenly body around another.
Precession
A slow gyration of the earth's axis around the pole of the ecliptic, caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the sun, moon, and other planets on the earth's equatorial bulge.
Perihelion
the point in the orbit of a planet or comet at which it is nearest to the sun.
Aphelion
the point in the orbit of a planet or a comet at which it is farthest from the sun.
Perigee
the point in the orbit of a heavenly body, esp. the moon, or of an artificial satellite at which it is nearest to the earth.
Apogee
the point in the orbit of a heavenly body, esp. the moon, or of a man-made satellite at which it is farthest from the earth.
Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse is when the moon comes between the sun and the Earth, so that a viewer is in the moon's shadow. This blocks (or eclipses) the view of the sun. The sun is therefore eclipsed by the moon.
Lunar Eclipse
lunar eclipse is when the Earth comes between the sun and the moon. When the moon (Luna) is in the Earth's shadow it is not visible, so the moon is eclipsed by the Earth.
Crater
the cup-shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the earth or other heavenly body marking the orifice of a volcano.
Ray
one of many long, bright streaks radiating from some of the large lunar craters
Mare
any of the several large, dark plains on the moon and Mars
Rille
any of certain long, narrow, straight or sinuous trenches or valleys observed on the surface of the moon.
Retrograde Motion
The apperent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars
Ellipse
An oval
Phases of the Moon
Thr progression of changes in the moon's apperance during the month
Lunar Regolith
A thin, grey layer on the surface of the moon, consisting of loosely compacted, fragmentied material believed to have been formed by repeated impacts of meteorites

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