Civil War & Reconstruction, 1860-1877
Terms
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- Tenure of Office Act
- president cant remove someone appointed by congress from office without permission from congress
- Black Codes
- codes used to take away civil rights from blacks
- Homestead Act
- Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.
- Wade-Davis Bill
- required 50% of state's voters take oath of allegiance and safeguards for emancipation
- ex parte Merriman
- said president cant suspend habeas corpus
- Ex parte Milligan
- United States Supreme Court case that ruled suspension of Habeas Corpus
- Morill Tariff Act
- superseding the low tariff of 1857 duties increased some 5-10% raise revenue and produce protection for manufacturing
- Scorched Earth
- when the Russians retreated and burned crops and villages
- Sharecroper
- one who participated in sharecropping system
- 14th Amendment
- citizenship of blacks, redistributed representation in house of reps, denial of former confederate officers
- NAACP
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality
- Freedman's Bureau
- "welfare" and education provided
- Military Reconstruction Act
- set up martial law (military rule) in the South
- Radical (Congressional) Reconstruction
- helps blacks hurts whites passed 13th, 14th and 15th amendments
- Sherman's "March to the Sea"
- Sherman going to Savannah Georgia and his total war campaign
- Fort Sumter
- in south carolina, first shots of civil war
- Anaconda Plan
- north (union) - strangle the southern states and deprive them of food and supplies
- Bull Run (I & II)
- South Won - Stonewall Jackson
- Accommodation
- the act of providing something (lodging or seat or food) to meet a need
- Greenbacks
- money printed on green paper
- Force Acts
- the government banned the use of terror, force or bribery to prevent someone from voting because of their race. Other laws banned the KKK entirely and brought forth military help to enforce these laws.
- W.E.B. DuBois
- 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910
- Grandfathers Clause
- you cant vote unless your grandfather voted
- Gettysburg
- battle of southern loss
- Writ of Habeas Corpus
- a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
- Robert E. Lee
- General of the Confederates (South)
- Antietam
- bloodies day in us history - tie
- Niagara Movement
- Insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education
- "Waving the Bloody Shirt"
- political campaign that used the war hero tactic on the people
- Proclamation of Amnesty
- December 1863 - end of war
- 15th Amendment
- voting to all black males
- Carpetbaggers
- north -> moved to south republicans to take their money and power
- Civil Rights Act
- This secured the rights of freedmen.
- KKK
- Ku Klux Klan - terrorizing and intimidation of blacks
- Jim Crow Laws
- Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
- Merrimac & Monitor
- ironclad ships vs. wooden ironclad wins
- 13th Amendment
- abolished slavery
- Emancipation Proclamation
- proclamation that freed the slaves in the csa
- Compromise of 1877
- republican president (hayes) but no more reconstruction
- George McClellan
- good organizer but had the slows and fired twice
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- ruled seperate but equal and allowed segregation
- New York Draft Riots
- irish vs. blacks on drafts for civil war
- Appomattox Court House
- place where civil war peace treaty was signed
- Freedmen
- slaves freed after war
- Jefferson Davis
- president of the csa
- Scalawags
- Southern turned Republicans
- Copperheads
- against lincoln, against war
- Ulysses S. Grant
- General of the Union (North) - drinking
- Redeemers
- Confederates brought back into power after reconstruction ended and wanted to bring things back to the good old days
- Booker T. Washington
- Equlaity 2 everyone- Fouunded Tuskegee institute- Patient Approach- Atlanta compromise
- 10% Plan
- Lincoln's Plan - 10% of voting confederates need to vote to want back into the union
- Crittenden Compromise (1860)
- "missouri compromise version 2" vetoed by lincoln
- Presidential ("Lincoln" ) Reconstruction
- happy for all people - 10% rule
- Sharecropping
- Poor people contracted with landowners to work the land and get a share of the crop
- Confederate States of America
- states seceded from the union