Goal 3 Vocab List US History
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- Zachary Taylor
- Twelfth President of the United States, Mexican War officer
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
- agreement signed on February 2, 1848, between the United States and Mexico that marked the end of the Mexican War
- Wilmot Proviso
-
amendment attached to an appropriations bill adopted in 1846 by the U.S. House of Representatives, proposed by David Wilmot
brought into sharp focus the differences then existing on the slavery question, the proviso was the subject of widespread controversy that resulted in increased hostility between the northern and southern states. The principle of the amendment became the basic policy of both the Free-Soil Party and the Republican Party. - Popular Sovereignty
- practice of letting people decide issues
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Granted citizens in Nebraska and Kansas territory the right to decide if slavery should be allowed
- Bleeding Kansas
- Day of battle resulting from clashes over slavery
- Uncle Tom's Cabin
- Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about a slave and his master increasing hostility between the N and the S
- Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
- abolition
- movement to end slavery
- Harriet Tubman
- "Conductor" on the underground Railroad, which helped slaves escape to freedom
- Henry Clay
- Statesmen from Kentucky; accused by Jackson of giving votes to John Q. Adams in return for post as secretary of state; endoresed government promotion of economic growth; advocate of Compromise of 1850
- John C. Calhoun
- Statesmen from SC who held many offices in the federal govt; supported slavery, cotten exports, states' rights; in 1850 foresaw future conflicts over slavery
- Daniel Webster
- Statesmen from Massachusetts who had opposed the extention os slavery but didnt support the compromise of 1850 arguing that slavery would never be practical in Mexico and that it was a constitutional duty to return fugitive slaves
- Compromise of 1850
-
1.California admitted as a new state
2.New Mexico and Utah vote for slavery
3.Congress would abolish sale of enslaved people except in Washington DC
4.Texas would give up claims to NM for $10 million
5.A strict fugitive slave law - Republican Party
- Did not want slavery to spread into the territories
- Fugitive SLave Law
- ordered all citizens to assist in the return of escaped slaves and would deny a jury trial to escaped slaves.
- Slave Codes
- Codes to try to keep the newly freed slaves in almost the same position that they had been in as slaves
- Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
- Controversial case considered to be a key cause of the civil war
- Harpers Ferry
- raiders had seized the federal armory and arsenal there
- John Brown
- leader of raid on harpers ferry
- secession
- withdrawal formally from membership in a group or organization
- Freeport Doctrine
- Douglas's opinion that slavery could be excluded from a territory, despite the Dred Scott decision, if the people refused to enact the necessary local laws for its protection
- Lincoln-Douglas Debates
- series of 7 debates
- Confederation
- South
- Confederate states of America
- Association of seven seceding southern states, formed in 1861
- Civil War
- War between the Union states of the North and the Confederate states of the South; fought from 1861 to 1865
- Stephen Douglas
- Illinois senator who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska act, which allowed new territories to choose their own position on slavery; debated Abraham Lincoln on slavery issues in 1858`
- Know-Nothing Party
- promoted nativism, a movement to ensure that native born Americans receive better treatment than immigrants.
- Nativist
- a movement to ensure that native born Americans receive better treatment than immigrants.
- Free-Soil Party
- people that lived in territories that didn't want slavery
- Sumner-Brooks Affair
- sumner charles assaulted by preston brooks
- Election of 1860
- Election of Abraham Lincol causeing the lower south to secede
- Abraham Lincoln
- Sixteenth President of the US; known for his effective leadership during the civil war and his emancipation proclamation declaring the end of slavery in confederate-held territory
- Federalism
- a political system in which several states or regions defer some powers, e.g. in foreign affairs, to a central government while retaining a limited measure of self-government
- states' rights
- the powers that the constitution neither gives to the federal government nor denies to the states
- Fort Sumter
- In January 1861 President James Buchanan tried to send troops and supplies to Major Robert Anderson, commander of the garrison at Fort Sumter. Star of the West, the ship Buchanan sent, was an unarmed merchant vessel. When the shore batteries at Charleston Harbor fired on the ship, it sailed away
- Jefferson Davis
- President of the Confederacy
- John Brown's Raid
- Raid on Harper's Ferry
- "To Preserve the Union"
- Lincolns primary aim at the beginning of the war
- border states
- Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware
- copperheads
- peace democrats
- martial law
- emergency rule by military authorites, during which some Bill of Rights guarantess are susupended
- writ of habeas corpus
- legal protection requiring that a court determine if a person is lawfully imprisoned
- greenback
- name given to the national paper currency created in 1861
- war of attrition
- a type of war in which one side inflicts continuous losses on the other in order to wear down its strength
- King Cotton
- American economy before the civil war in which cotton was king
- anaconda plan
-
the norths plan consisting of three parts
1.defend washington
2.control mississippi
3.bockade the south - blockade
- an organized action to prevent people or goods entering or leaving a place
- Battle of Antietam
- battle on which there were the most casualties in one day
- Emancipation Proclamation
- a presidential decree by president lincoln, effective jan 1, 1863, that freed slaves in confederate held territory
- George McClellan
- Early Union army leader in the Civil war; careful organizer and planner who moved too slowly for northern politicians; ran against prestident abe lincoln in the election of 1864
- Ulysses S. Grant
- 18th pres of US;commander of the union forces who accepted lee's surrender in 1865
- Sherman's March to the Sea
- destructive march from atlanta to savannah in 1864 led by william t sherman
- P.G.T. Beauregard
- Opened fire on Fort Sumter
- Stonewall Jackson
- Confederate general known for his swift strikes against union forces;earned nickname stonewall by holding his forces steady uner extreme pressure at the first battle of manassas
- robert E. Lee
- Brilliant general of Confederate forces during the civil war
- First Battle of Bull Run
- The first battle of the civil war
- Battle of Shiloh
- Civil War Battle in Tennessee in 1862
- Battle of Fredericksburg
- Civil War battle in 1862 in virginia, won by the confederacy
- Battle of Chancellorsville
- Civil war battle in virginia won by the confederacy
- battle of gettysburg
- civil war battle in pennsylvania won by the union marking the turning point in the war
- gettysburg address
- a famous speech by president lincoln on the meaning of the civil war, given in novemeber 1863 at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the battle of gettysburg
- vicksburg
- the capture of this according to lincoln was the key to winning the war
- ironclads/monitor and the merrimack
- naval ships during the civil war
- total war
- complete destruction of everything in war's path
- 54th regiment of massachusetts
- 1st black regiment during the civil war
- appomattox courthouse
- courthouse where lee surrendered to grant
- election of 1864
- lincoln was re elected
- john wilkes booth
- assassinated president lincoln
- whig party
- in advocated a loose interpretation of the constitution
- lincoln's assassination
- On the night of April 14, 1865, while Lincoln was sitting in a box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, D.C., Booth shot him through the head.
- clara barton
- volunteer known as the "angel of the battlefield" during the civil war; founded the american red cross
- reconstruction
- the period of american history that followed the cilvil war in which the confederate states were restored to the union
- andrew johnson
- 17th pres. of US; clashed with radical republicans on reconstruction programs;was impeached, then acquitted in 1868
- Tenure of office Act
- Act stating that the president could not dismiss a member of the cabinet without the senates approval
- whiskey ring
- a conspiracy among Internal Revenue Service officials to defraud the government of liquor taxes
- Freedmans Bureau
- supplied things to people who need them after the civil war
- draft riots
- initially represented protests in response to President Abraham Lincoln's Enrollment Act of Conscription to draft men to fight in the ongoing Civil War.
- impeachment
- accuse of wrongdoing
- enforcement act of 1870
- passed by congress to ban the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race
- solid south
- term used to describe the domination of post-civil war southern politics by the democratic party
- compromise of 1877/hayes-tilden compromise
- agreement in which democrats agreed to give rutherford b hayes the victory in the presidential elsection of 1876 and hayes in return agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from southern states
- black codes
- laws that restricted freedmen's rights
- tenant farming
- system of farming in which a person rents land to farm from a planter
- sharecropping
- system of farming in which a farmer tends some portion of a planter's land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as payment
- carpetbaggers
- negative nickname for a northern republican who moved to the south after the civil war
- scalawag
- negative nickname for a white southern republican after the civil war
- exodusters
- an african american who migrated to the west after the civil war
- Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
- got congress to pass the 14th amendment saying that everyone should have equal rights
- jim crow laws
- statutes, beginning in the 1890s, that required segregation of public services by race
- grandfather clause
- passage in a law that exempts a group of people from obeying the law if they had met certain conditions before the law was passed
- literacy test
- test given on ability to read and write in order to be eligible to vote
- poll tax
- a special fee that must be paid before a person can vote
- wade-davis bill
- 1864 was proposed by Benjamin Wade and Henry Davis. It would have allowed seceded states to reenter the union after the United States Civil War if 50 percent of a state's voters took an oath of allegiance to the United States and the state submitted an acceptable constitution
- thirtennth amendment
- abolished slavery
- Charles Sumner
- Abolitionist and senator from massachusetts; beaten badly with a cane in the senate by a southern congressman after making an antislavery speech
- pocket veto
- if it’s not veto by the president within 10 days of getting it
- civil rights act of 1866
- gave further rights to the freed slaves after the end of the American Civil War. This act was the Republicans' counterattack against the Black Codes in the South.
- fourteenth amendment
- equal protection
- pardon
- exemption
- Fifteenth Amendment
- right to vote regardless of race
- franchise
- a right or privilege, or an exemption from a duty or obligation, granted by a government or other authority
- ku klux klan
- secret terrorist organization that originated in the Southern states during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War (1861-1865
- election of 1876
- the most disputed presidential election in American history. Samuel Tilden handily defeated Ohio's Rutherford Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165
- military reconstruction
- reconstruction of the military after the civil war
- black male suffrage
- the ability for black males to be allowed to vote
- lincolns ten percent plan
- when 10 percent of a confederate states voters took the oath the state could form a new government and adopt a new constitution