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Chapter 9: The Presidency

Terms

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How the U.S. Constitution ensures civilian control of the military
To ensure civilian control the professional military takes their orders from the president and the secretary of defense. Also the president is not allowed to have previously served in the military. As "commander in chief" the president has control of the army and navy.
Executive privilege
Executive privelege is the right to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. This privelege can't be used in congressional or judiciary courts when the issue involves refusal of cooperation in investigations of personal wrongdoing.
What clause in the Constitution gives the President both the responsibility and flexibility to carry out the laws of the land?
The "take care clause" gives the president to take care that laws are faithfuly executed even they disagree with the purpose of those laws.
Symbols of Presidential power and prestige
Symbols of power and prestige include the air force one airplane, music:"Hail to the Chief", the oval office, and the presidential seal that placed on the podium wherever he speaks. The seal is also located on the floor of the ooval office.
Roles assumed by Presidents that are not explicitly defined in the Constitution
Presidents are not limited to powers spelled out by the constitution but they have all executive powers of the U.S. Those such powers not defined in the const. are called implied, inherent, or emergency.
Cabinet government
The cabinet is the advisory council for the president. It consist of the heads of the executive departments, the vice president, and other officials elected by the president. Cabinet departments vary by the number of employees and size of budget. They also vary in their influence with the White House. The inner cabinet is composed of defense, justice, state, and treasury. The president is not required to foram a cabinet.
The job of the Vice President
The vice president has power to break tie votes in the senate. They have no constitutional duties but to wait for the president to become unable to carry out his duties.
Disputes between Congress and Presidents over military actions
As commander in chief the president has control over the army and the navy and the power to wage war. Congress however has the power to declare war and appropriate money for the purchase of arms. Congress has enacted the War Power resolution under which the president can use armed forces only 1.after declaration of war by congress 2. by specific statutory authorization, 3. in a national emergency attack
Mandates to govern
A mandate is a president's claim of broad public support. It comes from a large vote margin, high polls, and a majority in congress. Mandates are 1 of the 3 external influences of the president. They also reside in public approval for the president or some policy issue.
Factors contributing to conflicts between the President and Congress
1. competing constituencies: congrress represents state and local districts thus reflecting geographic, economic, and thnic interests. As a result congress looks at problems and solutions differently from the president.
2. competing calendars: congress and the presdient have different terms of office. Presidents act more qucikly to gain support for their agendas and congress acts more slowly cuz it represents a vast array of local interests.
3. competing campaigns: president and congress run different types of election campaigns.

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