Ch. 14 & 15 AMSCO Set 1
Terms
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- Secession in Feb. 1861
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CSA formed- Jefferson Davis as president.
CSA- Confederate States of America - Secession in Dec. 1860
- South Carolina secedes- lower south, then Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
- Gettysburg
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Lee leads surprise attacks in Union (1863) territory (PA)
- 50,000 killed/wounded (North and South)
- Lee lost 17 generals, 1/3 of his army. - 13th Amendment
- 1865- Abolished slavery during the war- 1863-1865.
- Jan 1. 1863
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All slaves in areas of rebellion are declared free.
- Slavery in border states continues
- War has moral purpose- end slavery (besides unifying the North and South) - Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln's Objective- "Save the union- not preserve or "defend" slavery
By 1862: He agrees with the Radical Republicans that war must lead to abolition. - Confiscaton Acts
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1861- Authorized seizure of "Contraband of War" in South (includes slaves)
1862- Freed the slaves of people fighting against the US- freed slaves could be used in the Union army - Cotton Diplomacy
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- Attempt by the South to get GB's support- they felt GB relied heavily on cotton.
- Fails. Southern planters snuck cotton to GB- GB gets cotton from India and Egypt.
- Slavery not favored by the British - End of Slavery
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Lincoln needed to be cautious
- Needed to keep the support of the border states
- Constitutional protection of slavery - Commerce Raiders (Alabama and Florida)
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Britain sells 2 ironclad rams to confederacy and captures 60 US vessels.
- US threatens war- Britain backs off
- After war, GB pays $15.5 million to US for damages. "Alabama Claims" - Trent Affair
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2 confederate diplomats are sent to Europe to gain allies
- Union captures the ship, trent, and captures 2- upsets GB
- Lincoln releases both men- "ONE WAR AT A TIME!" - President Buchanan
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(lame duck)Did nothing to stop secession
Congress attempts the Crittenden Compromise which would grant slavery south of 36'30
Not accepted by Lincoln- violates the Republican position against the eztention of slavery in the territories. - Democrats, Southern Democrats, Constitutional Union, Republicans, and Results
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Dems- Stephen Douglass favored Popular Sovereignty
S.Dems- John Beckinridge- extension of slavery
Rep- Lincoln wants to exclude slavery in the territories.
Const. Union- John Bell- enforce laws and constitution.
Results- Lincoln carries all of the free states in the North (59% of electoral vote/ 40% of popular vote). - Slavery During the War: North
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"Army of Freedom"
- first year- black soldiers rejected 1863- many enlist/drafted
- segregated (served under white officers)
- Higher mortality rates than whites (disease, bacteria). - Slavery during the war: South
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Most stay on the plantations
- 1st year of war, masters could retrieve fugitive slaves
- J. Davis- captured slaves are reenslaved or executed - Lincoln's Assassination
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(April 14, 1865)
John Wilkes Booth at Ford's theater - Election of 1864
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Lincoln vs. McClellan- (calls for peace and wins 45% of popular vote)
- Inaugural address- "with malice toward none, with charity for all." - Appomattox (Va)
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April 9, 1865
- Site where Lee was forced to surrender to Grant.
- Grant allows Lee's men to return to their homes. - Sherman's March
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Campaign of deliberate destruction across GA into SC
- Destroyed everything- cotton fields, houses, barns, and railroads.
- Takes Atlanta in September of 1864- in Feb. of 1865 he sets fire to Columbia, SC
- Impact broke the will of the south to fight. - Vicksburg
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Fight for control of the Mississippi River (1863)- Grant lays siege on the city- falls after 6 weeks (July 4)
- North now surrounds the South. - Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Pronounced all blacks to be US citizens and tried to provide a legal shield against the opposition of southern state Black Codes.
- 14th Amendment
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Declared that all persons born or naturalized in the US were citizens.
- Obligated the states to respect the rights of US citizens and gave them equal protection of law and due process of law. - 14th Amendment as it applied to Congress
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- Repudiated debts of defeated governments of the confederacy.
- Penalized a state if it kept a person from voting by reducing that state's proportional represntation in Congress and the electoral college. - Tenure in Office Act
- Prohibited the president from removing a federal official or military commander without the state's approval. Congress wanted to protect Radical republicans.
- Military Reconstruction
- Placed south under military occupation- divided confederate states into 5 military districts under union army control. Increased the requirements for gaining readmission to the Union. To win it, and ex-confederate state had to ratify the 14th amendment and give EVERY adult male the right to vote.
- Edwin Stanton
- Secretary of War in charge of the military governments in the South. Johnson dismissed him and was impeached by the House of Representatives. Charged with 11 "high crimes and misdemeanors" not removed from office- saved by 1 vote.
- 15th Amendment
- No state may deny a citizen's right to vote on count of race, color, or previous position of servitude.
- Sharecropping
- Landlord provided seed and other necessary supplies to farmer in return for a share (usually 1/2) of the harvest
- Amnesty Act of 1872
- Removed the last of the restrictions on ex-confederateds. Allowed southern conservatives to vote for democrats to retake control of state governments.
- Ku Klux Klan
- Formed in 1867 by Nathaniel Bedford Forest as a way to keep blacks from voting.