(2) Ch. 19 Micturition

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renal tubules: The fluid that remains in the ______ _______ after filtration, reabsorption, and secretion is excreted as urine.
collecting ducts: The fluid drains from the __________ _____ into the ureter, a thin tube leading to the bladder.
Wavelike ureter: _________ contractions of the smooth muscle in the walls of the _______ propel the urine toward the bladder.
bladder micturition: The _______ stores the urine until it is elinated in the process called ____________, or urination.
gap junctions: The wall of the bladder contains smooth muscle fibers that are connected by ___ ________ and thus function as a unit.
detrusor muscle: The smooth muscle fibers of the bladder are known collectively as the _________ ________.
internal urethral sphincter: In the neck of the bladder, muscle fibers converge and overlap, forming a thickening of the wall referred to as the _________ _________ __________ that acts as valve to regulate the flow of urine from the bladder.
sphincter: A __________ is any muscle structure that form a ring around a hollow organ or tube and regulates the flow of material by contracting or relaxing.
contraction relaxation external urethral sphincter: The flow of urine from the bladder is also controlled by the _________ and _________ of skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it passes through pelvic floor; this muscle is referred to as the _________ _________ __________.
Micturition: ____________ is both under voluntary and involuntary control.
contract relaxes opens relaxes opens: Micturition occurs when the dtrusor muscle _______, the smooth muscle of the internal urethral sphincter ________ and this sphincter ______, and the skeletal muscle of the external urethral sphincter ________ and and this sphincter ______.
autonomic: Are the smooth muscle of the detrusor muscle and the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or autonomic control?
voluntary: Is the skeletal muscle of the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or autonomic control?
spinal reflex: Micturition is regulated by a _______ _______ that can overridden by voluntary control in a trained individual .
parasympathetic sympathetic somatic: In the spinal cord, signals are relayed via interneurons to 3 sets of neurons that project back to the bladder and associated structures: _____________ neurons, which inntervated the detrusor muscle; ___________ neurons, which innervate the internal urethral sphincter; and _________ motor neurons, which innervate muscles of the external urethral sphincter.
contaction internal urethral sphincter inhibits external urethral sphincter: _________ of the detrusor muscle increases the pressure on the contents of the bladder, and when the contraction of the detrusor muscle become strong enough they cause the _________ ________ _________ to open. At the same time, stratch receptor activity ________ sympathetic neurons projecting to the internal urethral sphincter and also inhibits somatic motor neurons projecting to the _________ _________ _________, allowing the sphincters to relax and open.
sphincters: The opening of both _________ coupled with the contraction of the detrusor muscle allows the bladder to empty.

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Number of cards 17