mcb2010c
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- how many chromosomes do bacteria have
- 1
- a small circular piece of DNA
- plasmid
- the site of protein synthesis
- ribosomes
- contain storage forms of food
- granules
- referred to as a slime layer
- capsule
- function is to transfer DNA
- pili
- do bacteria have cilli
- no
- allow the bacteria to be motile
- flagella
- what gives the bacteria its shape
- cell wall
- site of antibiotic activity
- cell wall
- kills bacteria by not allowing the cell wall to grow and prohibits cell division
- penicillin
- found in tears, mucous, and wbc's and also destroys the cell wall of bacteria
- lysozyme
- a bacteria without a cell wall
- protoplast
- refers to all the fluid substances enclosed in the cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- the site of ATP production
- mitochondria
- are the same as flagella but much smaller and usually all around the cell
- cilia
- 1 fatty acid
- monoglyceride
- 2 fatty acid
- diglyceride
- 3 fatty acid
- triglyceride
- fuctions of lipids
-
vit a,d,e,k
hormones
pigmentation
insulation
nutrition - polypeptide with a specific function
- protein
- functions of proteins
-
cellular structures
enzymes
antibodies
exotoxins - the 6th amino acid is valine instead of glutamic
- sickle cell anemia
- a population of cells which arise from a single cell
- colony
-
gelatin-Koch
agar-Hesse - media
- the orderly increase in the quantity of all components of the bacterial cell
- growth
- the time required for one cell to divide or for the population to double
- generation time
- average generation time. varies from 10 minutes to 3 days.
- 20 minutes
- average generation time for tb
- 3 days to 6 weeks
- conditions that allow bacteria to grow fast
- optimal conditions
- no increase in number: increase in size
- LAG
- exponential; cell population increase logarithmically
- LOG
- total number of live cells constant (same # of cells dying as well as dividing)
- STATIONARY
- cell die logarithmically
- DEATH
- rendering an object or substance free of all viable microbes
- sterilization
- killing pathogenic microbes on or in a material w/o necessarily sterilizing it. implies to inanimate objects.
- disinfection
- removing or inactivating pathogenic microbes and their toxic products.
- decontamination
- can be used interchangeable with disinfection
- decontamination
- an agent that kills microbes
- germicide
- a substance that will inhibit or kill microbes on animal tissues
- antiseptic
- inhibits growth of bacterial w/o killing them
- bacteriostatic
- killing bacteria
- bactericidal
- good for media that cannot be boiled or autoclaved
- filtration
- discovery of viruses
- filtration
- 5 criterias of biological organisms
-
1 they must reproduce
2 they must ingest food substances and metabolize the food for energy and growth
3 they must excrete waste
4 they must react to changes in the environment (known as irritability)
5 they are susceptible to mutations - do viruses have metabolism
- no
- do viruses ingest food or excrete waste
- no
- do viruses reproduce and are susceptible to mutation
- yes
- a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or in another one and harms that one (host)
- parasitism
- infect all organisms
- viruses
- are obligate, intracellular parasites
- viruses
- one virus particle
- virion
- viruses that infect bacteria
- phages
- can be made of DNA or RNA, but never both
- viral nucleic acid
- viruses w/o an evelope
- naked
- help the virus attach to the bacterial cell wall
- tails and tail fibers
- myxoviruses
-
influenza
measles
mumps - a relationship between two organisms
- symbiosis
- two organisms living together w/o benefit or harm
- commensalism
- living together with both organisms benefiting from the relationship
- mutualism
- study of algae
- phycology
- study of bacteria
- bacteriology
- study of fungi
- mycology
- study of protozoa
- protozoology
- study of viruses
- virology
- hackle proposed 3rd kingdom
- protista
- five kingdom system
-
animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
monera - three kingdom system (current)
- plants
- animals
- protista
-
name this kingdom
well defined nucleus
rigid cell wall
not motile
store food as starch
contains chlorophyll
energy source-photosynthesis - plants
-
well defined nucleus
no cell wall
motile
store food as glycogen
no chlorophyll
energy source-organic material - animals
-
no nucleus
some cell wall
some motile
store food as starch or glycogen
some contains chlorophyll
energy source-photosynthesis or organic material - protista
- has not been proven to be living or dead
- viruses
-
primitive nucleus
no nuclear membrane
one chromosome
no mitosis or meiosis - prokaryotes
-
true nucleus
nuclear membrane
chromosomes
mitosis and meiosis - eukaryotes
- (1674)made the first microscope-pond water, royal society of medicine in london (men only)
- leeuwenhoek
- (1665)cork-named "cell"
- hooke
- (1668)disproved spontaneous generation for macroscopic(seen with naked eye) organisms-flies
- redi
- boiled broth-still microorganisms(spores)17 century
- needham
- (1861)father of microbiology-swan neck flash-disproved spontaneous generation for microscopic organisms-fermentation-pasteurization
- pastuer
- (1876)bacillus anthracis-1st prood of organisms causing disease
-
koch
ex: koch's postulates - could not repeat pasteur's experiment-used hay infusion-intermittent boiling-vegetative cell vs endospore
-
tyndall
ex: tyndalization - came up with the "cell theory"-all organisms composed of cells and that cells are the fundamental units of life
- schleiden and schwann
- emerging infectious diseases
-
west nile
bovine spongiform encephalopathy(mad cow disease)
ebola
hantavirus(deer mice in the west)
HIV - developer of the binomial system of nomenclature
- carl von linne (carolus linnaeus)
- order of kingdoms from largest to smallest
-
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species - is always capitalized
- Genus
- ab
- from, away from
- a, an
- w/o, not
- ad
- near, toward