CMT Chapter 5 -Integumentary System
Terms
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- abrasion
- a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
- abscess
- a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
- albino
- an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair and skin
- alopecia
- partial or complete loss of hair.
- amputation
- the surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or part of a limb; performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb
- basal layer
- the deepest of the 5 layers of skin
- bedsore
- an inflammation, sore or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from a loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part; a pressure sore
- blackhead
- an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair folicle
- blister
- a small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
- boil
- a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle
- bruise
- a bluish black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of an injury to the area; see ecchymosis
- bulla
- a large blister
- carbuncle
- a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
- cellulitis
- a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain and swelling
- cerumen
- ear wax
- ceruminous gland
- a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen or ear wax
- cicatrix
- a scar; the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound
- collagen
- the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments and fascia
- comedo
- the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle. (closed comedo = white head; open comedo = blackhead)
- contusion
- an injury to a part of the body wihout a break in the skin
- corium
- the dermis; the layer of the skin just under the epidermis
- cryosurgery
- a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue
- curettage
- the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
- cutaneous membrane
- the skin see integument
- cuticle
- a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
- cyanosis
- a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin
- cyst
- a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material
- debridement
- removal of debris, foreign objects and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing
- dermatitis
- inflammation of the skin, seen in several forms.
- dermatologist
- a physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin
- dermatology
- the study of the skin
- dermis
- the layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis; the corium
- diaphoresis
- the secretion of sweat
- ecchymosis
- bruise
- electrodesiccation
- a technique that uses an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions
- epidermis
- the outermost layer of the skin
- epidermoid cyst
- a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epthelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceuous gland; also known as a sebaceous cyst
- epithelium
- the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
- erythema; erythroderma
- redness of the skin due to capillary dilatation. Blushing or a mild sunburn
- erythremia
- an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera
- excoriation
- an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasion
- exfoliation
- peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in the peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn
- fissure
- a creacklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
- fistula
- an abnormal passageway between tubular organs (eg rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface
- furuncle
- a localize pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil
- gangrene
- death of tissue, most often involving the extremities.
- hair follicle
- the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft
- hair root
- the portion of a strand of hair tht is embedded in the hair follicle
- hair shaft
- the visible part of the hari
- hemangioma
- a benign tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
- heparin
- a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues; also produced by laboratories for therapeutic use
- hirsutism
- excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occuring in women
- histamine
- a substance, found in all cells, that is released in an allergic, inflammatory reaction
- histiocyte
- macrophage; a large pahgocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles) occuring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
- hives
- a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; see wheal
- hydrocele
- a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
- ichthyosis
- an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened), and fissured, resembling fish scales
- integument
- the skin see cutaneous membrane
- integumentary system
- the body system composed of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
- keratin
- a hard, fibrous protein that is found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth and horns of animals
- keratolytic
- an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin
- laceration
- a tear in the skin
- lanugo
- soft, very fine hari that covers the body of the developing fetus
- lesion
- any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash or boil
- lipocyte
- a fat cell
- lunula
- the crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail
- macrophage
- a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occuring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue; see histiocyte
- macule
- a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised or depressed ; a freckle
- mast cell
- a cell, found within the connective tissue, that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury and infection
- melanin
- a black or dark pgment, produced by melanocytes within the epidermis, that contributes color to the skin and helps to filter ultraviolet light
- melanocytes
- cells responsible for producing melanin
- nail body
- the visible part of the nail
- nodule
- a small, circumscribed swelling protuding above the skin
- oil gland
- one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin; see sebaceous gland
- onycholysis
- seperation of a figernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin.
- onychomycosis
- a fungal infection of the nails
- onychophagia
- the habit of biting the nails
- pachyderma
- abnormal thickening of the skin
- papule
- a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
- paronychia
- inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called run-around
- pediculosis
- a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood sucking lice
- perspiration
- the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; see sweat
- petechia
- small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
- pimple
- a papule or pustule of the skin
- polyp
- a small, stalklike growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
- pores
- openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts and some fatty substances are excreted
- pruritis
- itching
- purpura
- a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes;
- pustule
- a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess
- scales
- thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis
- sebaceuous cyst
- a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as an epidermoid cyst
- sebaceous gland
- an oil gland located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
- seborrhea
- excessiver secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
- sebum
- the oily excretions of the sebaceous glands
- skin tags
- a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occuring frequently on the neck; also known as a cutaneous papilloma
- squamous epithelial cells
- flat scalelike cells that are arranged in layers (strata)
- squamous epithelium
- the single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
- stratified
- layered; arranged in layers
- stratum
- a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
- stratum basale
- the layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells toward the outermost surface of the skin
- stratum corneum
- the outermost layer of skin (composed of dead cells that have converted to keratin) which continually sluffs off or flakes away; known as the keratinized or "horny" cell layer
- stretch marks
- linear tears in the dermis which result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanies by itching. As they heal and lose their color, the stria remain as silvery white scar lines
- subcutaneous tissue
- the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
- subugnual hematoma
- a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)
- sudoriferous gland
- a sweat gland
- sweat
- the clear, watery fluid produced by the seat glands; also known as perspiration
- sweat gland
- one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin for excretion; also known as the sudoriferous gland
- ulcer
- a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
- urticaria
- a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler thaqn the surrounding skin and often accompanied by severe itching (pruritus)
- vesicle
- a small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister.
- vitiligo
- a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
- wheal
- a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives
- whitehead
- a closed comedo, cause by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle, the contents within are not easily expressed
- xanthoderma
- any yellow coloration of the the skin
- xeroderma
- a chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness
- adip/o
- pertaining to fat
- caut
- burn
- cutane/o
- skin
- hidr/o
- sweat
- hist/o
- tissue
- ichthy/o
- fish
- kerat/o
- hard, horny
- lip/o
- fat
- myc/o
- fungus
- onych/o
- nails
- pil/o
- hair
- scler/o
- hard
- squam/o
- scales
- trich/o
- hair
- xer/o
- dryness
- acne vulgaris
- acne; a common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back and neck and which appears as papules, pustules and comedos
- albinism
- a condition characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes
- first degree burn
-
superficial burns such as
sunburn - second degree burn
- partial thickness burns such as contact with boiling water
- third degree burns
- full thickness burns, sometimes burns through muscle down to bone.
- callus
- a common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction such as palms of the hands and bottom of the feet
- basal cell carcinoma
- the most commmon malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue, occuring most often on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun.
- squamous cell carcinoma
- a malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and which has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated
- Contact dermatitis
- occurs as the skin responds to an irritant or allergen with redness, itching and lesions
- allergic contact dermatitis
- develops by sensitization. When coming in contact with a substance for the first time no immediate inflammation occurs, but future exposures will result in severe inflammation
- irritant contact dermatitis
- occurs following repeated exposure to a mild irritant or initial exposure of a strong irritant. Can be from soaps, cleaners and bleaches
- seborrheic dermatitis
- common inflammatory condition known as cradle cap in babies.
- eczema
- an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs and is accompanied by intense itching.
- exanthematous viral diseases
- a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease: rubella, roseaola infantum, rubeola (measles) and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
- herpes zoster (shingles)
- an acute viral infection characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of the spinal or cranial nerves
- hyperkeratosis
- an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis
- impetigo
- contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- rare malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet and gradually spread throughout the skin
- keloid
- an enlarged, irregularly shaped and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the fomration of the scar
- keratosis
- skin condition in which ther is a thickening and overgrowth of the conrified epithelium
- seborrheic keratosis
- appears as brown or waxy yellow wartlike lesions 5-20mm in diameter, loosely attached to the skin surface; also known as senile warts
- actinic keratosis or solar keratosis
- a premalignant, gray or red to brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight
- leukoplakia
- white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva or penis
- malignant melanoma
- malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
- nevus (mole)
- a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or pupule with definite borders
- onychocryptosis
- ingrown nail. The nail pierces the lateral fold of skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain
- pemphigus
- a rare, incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin and spreading to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back and groin
- pilonidal cyst
- a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back, sometimes noted at birth as a dimple
- psoriasis
- a common, non-infectious, chronic disorder fo the skin manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching
- scabies
- a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite", resulting in a rash, pruritus, and a feeling of "something crawling"
- scleroderma
- a gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling fo the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue.
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems and vasculitis. A red rash known as the butterfly rash is often seen on the nose and face
- tinea
- more commonly known as ringworm, a chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions. The lesions are names according to the body part affected.
- tinea capitis
- ringworm of the scalp (more common in children)
- tinea corporis
- ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustules, papules, or vesicles that affect the non hairy skin of the body. The lesion actually looks like a circle and is raised.
- tinea cruris
- ringworm of the groin; also known as jock itch
- tinea pedis
- ringworm of the foot; also known as athlete's foot
- wart (verruca)
- a benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus
- allergy testing
- various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen.
- cautery
- heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin (coagulation of tissue)
- dermabrasion
- removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes in order to eliminate superficial scars or unwanted tatoos
- dermoplasty
- skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease
- electrosurgery
- the removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current
- escharotomy
- an incision made into the necrotic tissue resultin from a severe burn
- liposuction
- aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours
- skin biopsy
- the removal of a small piece of tissue from skin lesions for the purpose of examining it under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis
- skin graft
- a process of placing tissue on a recipient site, taken from a donor site, in order to provide teh protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin, as in third-degree burns
- autografting
- donor tissue comes from the person receiving the graft
- homografting or allografting
- donor tissue is harvested from a cadaver
- heterograft or xenograft
- donor tissue is obtained from an animal
- wood's lamp
- an ultraviolet light that is used to examine the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores
- Bx, bx
- biopsy
- decub.
- decubitus (ulcer); bedsore
- derm.
- dermatology
- DLE
- discoid lupus erythematosus
- EAHF
- eczema, asthma, and hay fever
- FANA
- flourescent antinuclear antibody
- FS
- frozen section
- ID
- intradermal
- I&D
- incision and drainage
- LE
- (systemic) lupus erythematosus
- PPD
- purified protein derivative
- PSS
- progressive systemic scleroderma
- SC
- subcutaneous
- SLE
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- TENS
- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
- ung.
- ointment
- UV
- ultraviolet (light)
- XP, XDP
- xeroderma pigmentosum