biology ch 8
Terms
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- organelles
- Membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells.
- chlorophyll
- Light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green.
- chloroplasts
-
Chlorophyll-containing cell organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists
capture light energy from the sun, which is converted into chemical energy in food molecules. - endoplasmic reticulum
- Organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; can be rough or smooth.
- organ
- Group of two or more tissues that perform complex activities within an organism.
- microfilaments
- Thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells.
- cell theory
- The theory that all living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms, and all cells come from preexisting cells
- flagella
- Long, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; found on some cell surfaces; help propel cells and organisms by a whiplike motion.
- nucleus
- In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle; contains the cell's DNA and manages cell functions.
- microtubules
- Hollow, thin, cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells
- cell
- Basic unit of all organisms.
- cytoplasm
-
Clear fluid in eukaryotic cells that suspends the cell's organelles
site of many important chemical reactions. - plasma membrane
- Serves as the boundary between the cell and its environment; allows materials such as oxygen and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave.
- electron microscope
- An instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of natural light to magnify structures up to 500 000 times actual size.
- chromatin
- Long, tangled strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus during interphase.
- lysosomes
- Organelles containing digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles and engulfed viruses and bacteria.
- vacuole
- Membrane-bound, fluid-filled space within the cytoplasm of plant cells; temporarily stores food, enzymes, and wastes.
- golgi
- Organelle in eukaryotic cells with a flattened system of tubular membranes; modifies proteins and sends them to their appropriate destinations.
- ribosomes
- Nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where enzymes and other proteins are assembled.
- mitochondria
- Eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules into ATP; contains highly folded inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules.
- nucleolus
- Organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes.
- compound light microscope
- An instrument that uses visible light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps.
- prokaryotes
- Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, composed of prokaryotic cells; lack internal membrane-bound structures.
- cytoskeleton
- Cellular framework found within the cytoplasm; usually composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
- tissue
- Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
- cilia
-
Short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules
move in a wavelike motion
aid in feeding and locomotion. - organ system
- Group of organs that work together to perform a major life function
- eukaryotes
- Unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- unicellular
- organism that carries out its life processes within a single cell
- cell wall
-
rigid structure outside plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists
provides support and protection - plastids
- Group of plant organelles used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments.