Biology Test 2 - Cells
Terms
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- facilitated diffusion
- process when molecules cant diffuse by themselves that are assisted by specific
- cell wall
- made of cellulose and supports plant tissue
- circular
- shape of bacteria DNA
- exocytosis
- process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the surface
- ion channels
- methods of transport for ions
- eukaryote
- multicellular or unicellular organism
- prokaryotes
- bacteria single celled organisms
- slime capsule
- thick polysaccharide layer outside of a bacterial cell wall
- golgi apparatus
- modifies proteins for secretion
- chromoplasts
- plastids that contain colorful pigments
- fluid mosaic model
- acts more like a liquid than a solid
- endocytosis
- process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles
- cell theory
- theory that all living things are made of cells, that cells come from cells, and that cells are the basic units of life
- active transport
- movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration; requires a cell to expend energy
- ATP
- supplies the energy for active transport directly or indirectly
- cytoplasm
- contains all of the enzymes needed for metabolic reactions
- lysosomes
- small vesicles that bud off of the Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes
- sterols
- lipids between tails of the phospholipid bilayer that have one polar and one nonpolar side
- osmosis
- the passive transport of water molecules
- flagellum
- whiplike method of movement for single celled organisms
- plasmids
- small circular pieces of DNA that can be transferred from one bacteria to another
- nucleus
- double membrane bound, has pores, controls the cell through expression of genes
- electron microscope
- microscope that requires specimens to be dead
- naked DNA
- DNA not contained in a nucleus
- cell wall
- made of murein, and found in bacteria and plant cells
- surface area to volume ratio
- when this decreases the rate of exchange decreases, if the organism becomes larger this becomes smaller
- diffusion
- simplest form of passive transport that moves molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
- chloroplasts
- site for photosynthesis
- light microscope
- microscope that allows you to view live organisms
- passive transport
- when molecules pass through the cell membrane without using any energy
- smooth ER
- builds lipids
- microtubules
- spiral like organelles that help make up the cytoskeleton
- eukaryotes
- plants, fungi, animals, and protists
- carrier proteins
- serve in active transport often called cell membrane "pumps"
- cell membrane
- a phospholipid bilayer membrane that allows certain molecules to enter and exit
- mitochondria
- cite aerobic respiration, very active cells will have many mitochondria, use ATP energy
- ribosomes
- used in protein synthesis, small organelles
- rough ER
- covered in ribosomes; where proteins are created for secretion are made
- peroxisomes
- small round vesicles that destroy hydrogen peroxide
- endoplasmic reticulum
- a complex interconnected network of membrane tubes
- Hooke
- scientist who studied cork and noticed pores that he called cells
- plasma membrane
- controls what enters and leaves the cell
- vacuole
- storage area