Science Test 3/18/03

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Who was the first person to describe microscopic organisms and living cells?: Robert Hooke
The discovery of cells is linked most directly to the development of what?: The microscope
What is the correct order of structures of living things, from simplest to most complex?: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The cell's _______ and _________ limits the maximum size to which a cell may grow.: Surface Area and Volume
What is the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life? This is the basic unit of life.: Cell
These cells have cell walls, large vacuoles, and plastids.: Plant cells
What can convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose?: Chloroplasts
What is a pigment that absorbs energy in sunlight?: Chlorophyll
What are organisms whose cells lack a nucleous and other membrane-bound organelles?: Prokaryote
What are unicellular organisms such as bacteria and their relatives?: Prokaryotes
The first cells on earth were likely __________ that did not ____________.: prokaryotes;make their own food
What are organisms whose cells are always or usually contain a nucleus or nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles?: Eukaryotes
What are plants, fish, insects, and humans?: Eukaryotes
What is a thin layer of lipid and protein?: Cell/Plasma Membrane
What is a thin membrane the functions like a gate, controlling what enters and leaves the cell?: Cell/Plasma Membrane
What are all cells, from all organisms, surrounded by?: A plasma membrane
There are many kinds of what in cell membranes? What do these help do?: proteins; help move material into and out of the cell
What are two phospholipid layers located in the cell membrane?: lipid bilayer
Lipid is a form of what?: Fat
What does "hydrophobic" mean?: "Water fearing"
What does hydrophillic mean?: "water loving"
What is the fluid mosaic model?: The fluid mosaic model is what scientists call the modern view of the cell membrane structure.
Membranes are _____ _______ and have the consistency of ________.: fluid like; vegetable oil
Membranes are made mostly of what?: Phosphate and lipid
Why do scientists call the modern view of the cell membrane the fluid mosaic structure?: They call it that b/c the membrane is filled w/fluid and a mosaic of proteins
What is everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus called?: The cytoplasm
What is a jellylike mixture that consists mostly of water and protein?: Cytostol
What are structures that carry out specific functions in a cell?: Organelles
Most organelles are surrounded by what?: Their own membrane
What contains the life of the cell?: Organelles
What are short, hair like organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the resperitory tract?: Cillia
What are whip-like projects for locomotion?: Flagella
What organelle maintains 3D structure and helps the cell maintain shape?: The cytoskeleton
What function in cell division and locomotion?: Mircofilaments and microtubules
What is the control center of the cell?: The nucleus
What organelle contains the cell's genetic information?: The nucleus
What is DNA in the form of a long strand?: Chromatin, made up of chromosomes
What are "blueprints" in a cell that control all its activity?: Chromatin
During cell division, what do chromatin strands do?: Chromatin strands coil and condense into thick structures called chromosomes.
What are chromosomes int he nucleus that control all cellular activity?: DNA
What is a double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus?: Nuclear envelope
What is a nuclear pore?: A pore, or an opening, in the nucleus
What is an organelle that stores DNA and sythesizes RNA?: The nucleolus
What disappears when a cell prepares to reproduce?: The nucleolus
What is an organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell?: The golgi apparatus
What are the membrane-bound sacs that package and secrete cells products?: Golgi apparatus
What is an organelle that prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steroids?: Golgi apparatus
What is free in cytoplasm and line the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?: Ribosomes
What organelle differs from most organelles b/c they have no membranes?: Ribosomes
What makes ribosomes, which in turn make protein?: Nucleoli
What are located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?: Ribosomes
What are organelles that digest molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances?: Lysosome
What is an organelle that transfers energy in ATP?: Mitochondrion
What is the inner membrane in the mitochondria of a cell?: Christae
Where are large numbers of mitochondria often found?: In muscle cells
What organelle is the "powerhouse" of a cell?: Mitochonrion
What is where poisons and wastes are detoxified in a cell?: The endoplasmic reticulum
What is studded with ribosomes and processes proteins to be exported to the cell?: Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is NOT covered with ribosomes and processes lipids in carbohydrates?: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What transfers energry from organic compounds to ATP?: Mitochondria
What organizes the synthesis of proteins?: Ribosome
What prepares proteins for export, synthesizes steroids, regulates calcium levels, and breaks down toxic substances?: Endoplasmic reticulum
What processes and packages substances produced by the cell?: Golgi apparatus
What digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances?: lysosome
What contributes to the support, movement, or division of cells?: Microfillaments and microtubules
What propels cells through the environment; moves materials over the cell surface?: cillia and flagella
What stores hereditary information in DNA, and synthesizes RNA and ribosomes?: Nucleus
What supports and protects the cell?: Cell wall
What stores enzymes and waste products?: Vacuole
What stores food or pigments; one type trasnfers energy from light into organic compounds?: Plastid

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