biology; cells
Terms
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- cell wall
- inflexible barrior that protects the cell and gives it support
- plasma membrane
- flexible boundry betweem the cell and its enviroment; allos materials such as water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave
- ribosome
- proteins are assembled
- Hooke
- an english scientist who used a compund light microscope to study cork, the dead cells of oak bark; he gave the the box shaped structures the name cell
- schwann
- made similar observations on animals; the observations and conclusions of these scientists are summarixed as the cell theory
- schleiden
- observed a variety of plants and concluded that all plants are composed of cells
- vsn leeuwenhoek
- used the simple light microscope because it contained one lens and used light to view objects in the 1600s
- electron microscope
- was developed in 1930s and 40s; this microscope used a beam of electrons instead of light to maagnify structures up to 500000 times their actual size
- cell theory
-
1 all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2 the cell is the basic unit of structure and organiztion of organisms
3 all cells come from preexisting cells - compound microscope
- use a seies of lenses to magnify objects in steps magnify up to 1500 x
- nucleus
- center of the atom; controles the functions of the cell
- eukaryote
- unicellular and multicellular... contain a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- prokaryote
- unicellular.. lack internal membrane cells
- homeostasis
- to maintain conditions suitable for surbibal; process of maintaining equlibrium in cells internal enviroments
- chloroplast
- chlorophylled containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists. CAPTURE LIGHT ENERGY AND CONVERT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY
- plastid
- group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches lipids or pigments
- fluid mosaic model
- structual model of the plasma membrane where molecules are fee to move sideways within a lipid bilayer
- selectively permeable
- feature of the plasma membrane that maintains homeostasis within a vell by allowing some molecules into the cell while keeping others out
- dynamic equilibrium
- result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
- enzyme
- type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
- mitochondria
- trnsform enerygy stored in food molecules has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy storing molecules
- vacuole
- temparary storage of materials
- nucleolus
- produces ribosomes