MMG Lab 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What does procaryotic mean?
-
-simple cells
-has nuclear region but no true memrane around a nucleus
-no internal cell organization but have complex metabolic pathways
-smaller than eucaryotic cells - What does eucaryotic mean?
-
-more complex cells that represent the basic structural units of plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, and algae.
-have membrane bound organelles
-has true nucleus - What does autotrophic mean?
-
-organisms obtain carbon from inorganic material
-self-fedders that can be pro or eucaryotic
*can also be phototrophic - What does phototrophic mean?
-
-use light as an energy source
-ex; anabaena, volvox, and euglena - What does heterotrophic mean?
-
obatin carbon from organic sources such as carbs, fats, proteins, or other corganisms
-can be pro or eucaryotic
-ex; amoeba, paramecium, lactobacillus, trypanosoma, staphylococcus - What does saprophytic mean?
-
-organisms get carbon from living off the dead, decayhing organic matter like wood and animals
*considered a specialized heterotroph
*includes most fungi - What does flagellate mean?
-
-organisms have many flagella
-mostly protozoans
-ex; Trypanosoma, euglena, volvox - What does ciliate mean?
-
-protozoans with cilia that cover the whole surface
-ex; paramecium - What is cytoplasmic streaming?
- -movement of cytoplasm to form a pseudopod which moves a protozan such as an amoeba
- What is a pseudopod?
-
-a false foot that is caused by cytoplasmic streaming which pulls organism behind it
-slowest form of movement known as amoeboid movement - What are the four criteria used to describe different groups of microbes?
-
1) cell structure
2) nutrition
3) mode of propulsion
4) size in microns -
Name a photosynthetic procaryote
-photosynthetic eucaryote
-procaryotic flagellate
-eucaryotic flagellate
-eucaryotic ciliate
-eucaryotic amoeboid microbe -
-Anabaena
-euglena, volvox
-Rhodospirillum rubrum, Bacillus subtilis
-Trypanosoma, euglena, volvox
-Paramecium
-Amoeba - When measuring an organism in microns, what objectives are multiplied by certain numbers?
-
-4x= 25
-10x= 10
-40x= 2.5
=100x= 1 - What are the three major morphological groups of bacteria studied in excerise 1?
-
-bacillus
-cocci
-spirilla - Describe cyanobacteria
-
-procaryotes
-photosynthetic bacteria
-can fix atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms
-often found in barren places where other plant life can't exist - What speciallized cells are used by cyancobacteria to fix nitrogen?
- -heterocysts
- How are protozoans most commonly classified by?
- -mobility
- What is the difference between mold and yeast?
-
-yeast is unicellular, smaller than mold (only slightly larger than bacteria)
-mold is multicellular and use hypha to form mycelium -
Which algae are found as single cells?
How about in colonies? -
-Euglena
-Volvox - What is a lichen?
-
-algae living in a symbiotic relationship with members of the fungal class, Ascomycotina
-occurs commonly in nature on rocks, tree bark, and arctic tundra - How are algal blooms controlled?
- -by the use of copper sulfate added to the water
- In experiment 1, describe Bacillus subtilis.
-
-Gr +
-bacilli in straight chains
-3 x .5 microns
-heterotrophic? flagella - In experiment 1, describe Lactobacillus plantarum
-
-Gr +
-bacilli in webbed chains
-2-3 x .5 microns
-heterotrophic (don't know movement) - In experiment 1, describe Rhodospirillum rubrum?
-
-Gr -
-spirilla by itself
-5 x .5 microns
-hetero? flagella - In experiment 1, describe Staphylococcus aureus.
-
-Gr +
-cocci in singles
-1 micron
-hetero
-nonmotile - In experiment 1, describe Anabaena.
-
prokaryotic
-Blue and Red colors
-cocci in pearl-like strands
-4 microns
-phototrophic
-unknown movement (none?) - In experiment 1, describe Trypanosoma.
-
-Eukaryote stains blue
-crescent shaped in RBC's
-11 x 1.5 microns
-heterotroph
-flagella - In experiment 1, describe Paramecium.
-
-eukaryote stains blue
-oval microorganism
-200 x 50 microns
-heterotrophic
-cilliate - In experiment 1, describe Amoeba.
-
-Blue and Red
-Blobs
-120 x 100 microns
-heterotrophic
-pseudopod - In experiment 1, describe Candida.
-
-Eukaryote stains dark blue
-swiss cheese look
-3 x 3 microns
-saprophytic
-nonmotile - In experiment 1, describe Euglena.
-
-pink with blue nucleua
-like a mini paramecium
-37 x 10 microns
-phototrophic
-flagella - In experiment 1, describe Volvox.
-
-eukaryote stains blue
-round (like cocci) in colonies (250 microns)
-phototrophic
-flagella
-5 microns - How do you calculate resolution?
- wavelength/(NA of objecive + NA of condenser)