Microbiology 9
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- what are the four genera of the family Reoviridae that infect humans?
- Reovirus, Rotavirus, Orbivirus, and Coltivirus
- comment on the structure, physical properties, genome, and replication of reoviridae
-
Structure -- naked (non-enveloped), nearly spherical icosohedrons with a double protein capsid shell
Physical Properties -- resistant to ether, chloroform, and other lipid solvents, and are stable over a wide range of pH
Genome -- dsRNA with 10-12 distinct segments
Replication -- fully cytoplasmic replication without complete uncoating of virions - what is the single most important etiologic agent of severe diarrheal illness in infants and young children worldwide?
- rotavirus
-
Rotavirus
- Structure
- Genome
- Transcription / Replication -
Structure: distinctive double-layered icosahedral protein capsid
Genome: dsRNA with 11 segments
Transcription and Replic: virus contains RNA-dependent RNA polymerase neede for transcr of dsRNA --> RNA - within the family reoviridae, what is unique about the groups orbivirus and coltivirus?
- Orbiviruses and Coltiviruses are distinguished from other reovirus genera primarily by their transmission by arthropod vectors including ticks, mosquitos, sand flies, and midges.
-
Colorado Tick Fever
- clinical features - abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, ocular pain, and myalgias without rash
- What type of virus is Rubella virus?
- Togavirus
- clinical manifestations of rubella
- 1-5 day prodrome of low grade fever, mild constitutional symptoms and lymphadenopathy; then rash: discrete rose-pink maculopapules starting on the face with rapid spread to trunk
- within infected cells where do adenoviruses replicate?
- within the nucleus
- adenoviruses -- what type of nucleic acid?
- double-stranded linear DNA
- list and desc the three structural proteins associated with adenovirus
-
(1) A antigen on the hexons are adenovirus group specific
(2) the B antigen on the 12 Pentons is subgroup specific
(3) the 12 fibers contain antigen C which are type specific (and have HA activity) - do adenoviruses have an envelope? are they ether resistant?
- are ether resistant and have no envelope
- Adeno Associated Viruses (AAV)
- are defective parvoviruses which require the presence of adenovirus or herpes viruses for proper replication
- Papovaviruses
- small, non-enveloped, ether-resistant viruses containing circular, double-stranded DNA in a nucleocapsid with icosahedral symmetry
- what are the two genera of Papovaviruses?
- Papilloma viruses (e.g. HPV) and Polyoma viruses
- Human Papilloma viruses (HPV)
- cause benign or malignant tumors in cells of the epidermis and the mucous membranes, particularly of the oral cavity, larynx, anogenital areas or skin
- which two hepatitis viruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
-
Hepatitis A and E
the rest are transmitted via blood-to-blood (parenteral) contact - which of the hepatitis viruses can cause chronic hepatitis?
- HBV, HCV, and HDV
- give an example of an erythrovirus
- parvovirus B19
- parvovirus B19 nucleic acid
- small ssDNA
- what is the most important clinical manifestation of parvovirus B19 to remember
- Erythema infectiosum (EI) "fifth disease" -- benign rash illness ("slapped-cheek appearance")
- for which erythrovirus is transient aplastic crisis one of the important clinical manifestations
- parvovirus B19
- is hepatitis just virally-induced?
- NO, can be the result of autoimmune disease, chemical exposure, bacterial infection, or other factors
- which hepatitis virus is a picornavirus?
- hep A
- compare the clinical onset of hep A / B / C
- hepA SHORT, hep B LONG, hep C in the middle
- serological diagnosis of hep A infection
- detection of anti-HAV IgM in serum
- acute Hep B -- what should you see?
- HBsAg+, ALT+ (>50)
- what should you see in a Hep B carrier
- HBsAg+ at two separate bleeds over 6 months
- which Hep virus is a Calicivirus?
- Hep E
- which Hep virus can end up in the feces?
- Hep A & E
- what is the "convalescent phase antibody" for Hep A?
- HAV-IgG
-
first marker of HBV infection
indicates presence of active infection - HBsAg
- HBeAg -- clinical significance
- Indicates the HepB infection is active, that complete virions are in the blood, and that the patient is highly infectious
-
anti-HBs antibody
- clinical significance - indicates immunity to HBV
- which Hep is a flavivirus?
- Hep C
- what should you see in characteristic HDV co-infection
-
HBsAg+
IgM anti-HDV
ALT+ - which Hep is a calicivirus?
- Hep E
- which two Hep's is the source of virus feces?
- A & E
- for which Hep's can you get chronic infection?
- B-D
- which virus causes Acute Respiratory Illness, especially among military recruits, boarding schools, college students?
- adenovirus
- which virus can cause keratoconjunctivitis (infection of the cornea)?
- adenovirus
- Which three viruses make up Papovaviruses?
-
PApilloma
POlyoma
VAcuolating viruses (SV40) - do warts have a short or long incubation period?
- long
-
common warts
- which papilloma type? - 2 & 4
-
oral infections
- which papilloma type? - 13 & 32
-
genital infections
- which papilloma type? - 6 & 11
-
Cytopathic Effects (CPE)
- for which virus we studied was this emphasized? - adenovirus