Blood/tissue nematodes
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- What is the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis?
- W. bancrofti.
- How is the parasite which causes lymphatic filariasis transmitted?
- The hulex mosquito, which bites only at night.
- What is elephantiasis?
- The extreme manifestation of lymphatic filariasis in which massive swelling of the lower limbs and genitalia occurs as a result of parasitic blockage of lymph flow.
- How does chronic lymphatic filariasis result in permanent swelling of the lower extremities and genitalia?
- Chronic parasitic infection of lymph nodes results in fibrotic changes to these areas.
- Other than clinical presentation, how is lymphatic filariasis diagnosed?
- The presence of microfilariae in blood samples taken at night.
- What drug has been pivotal in bringing the incidence of onchonceriasis under control?
- Ivermectin
- What is the vector for Onchocerca? What is its habitat?
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*black fly
*it lives near moving water - Where are adult worms found in onchocerciasis?
- They live in nodules under the skin or eye.
- What is the cause of the intense itching seen in onchocerciasis? What is a sequela of this itching?
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*Adult worms release microfilariae which migrate under the skin
*secondary infection due to scratching - How is onchocerciasis diagnosed?
- Skin snips are examined for the presence of motile microfilariae.