water microbiology
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- primary treatment for sewage treatment
- sedimentation -- grit chamber (grinding rocks/stones) skimmer (removes floating materials) removes 25-30% BOD
- Decomposition of microbes in the ecosystem
- cycling important elements
- coliform analysis
- coliform = small G- bacillus, facultative, non-spore forming,ferment lactose to acid or gas
- Nitrosomes
- eats ammonia
- Treatment
- removes impurities, and bacteria, decreases turbidity and removes tastes and odors
- nitrobector
- eats bacteria
- water analysis
- determines if water is potable (safe to drink)
- activated sludge (2ndary trtment)
- pumping effluent into large tank oxygen is added and a colony of microbes also added. Aerobic oxidation of the organic matter decreases BOD 75-95%
- N-fixation
- nitrogen gas converted to ammonia
- trickling filter (2ndary trtment)
- bed of rocks that are colonized with microbes effluent is sprayed over the rocks in a fide mist, oxygen is added -- microbes oxidize using oxygen the organic matter removes 80-85% BOD
- Nitrogen cycle - primary producers plants (photolithotrophes) primary consumers animals
- when death occurs organic N is source (plants cant use), plants will take source and form protein, -- amino group is removed ammonia formed (amonification) -- nitrofication NH3-NO2-NO3 (chemolithotrophes) - plants can now make more food NO3 cold be converted to nitrogen gas (denitrification)
- Sewage treatment (used water supply of a community)
- eliminate pathogens, decrease BOD biological oxygen demand higher BOD = more organic mater
- All plants look for E-coli as a coliform because
- it is an indirect indication of fecal contamination
- 2 methods of secondary sewage treatment for liquid are
- effluent
- turchiary treatment for sewage material
- effluent -- chlorinate (decrease # of microbes -- dechlorination) -- sent back to river or remove phosphate or nitrate or you can reduce 100% BOD with a charcoal filter
- sludge
- insoluable material after primary treatment
- aeration
- removes tastes and odors by oxidaion
- addition of floculatio alum or calcium salts
- causes particular matter to clump
- secondary sewage treatment for sludge
- pumped into anaroebic digestors - microorganisms inside will attack sludge takes 2-4 weeks -- methane produced BOD reduced 35% undigested sludge is burned, buried, or sold as fertilizer
- sedimentation
- organic matter is now insoluable settles out 80% decrease in turbidity
- chlorinate
- disinfectant to prevent microbial growth
- symbiotic
- live in root hair of plants
- sand filtration
- removes 99% of organic matter