Microbial Metabolism

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

What changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme: Non competitive inhibitor
What is very similar in shape or chemistry to the normal enzyme substrate: Competitive Inhibitor
What is a photosynthetic bacteria that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source: Photoautotroph
Both carbon and energy usually with the same organic compound: Chemoheterotroph
What is photosynthetic and uses organic material as a carbon source: Photoheterotroph
What is a mechanism which fatty acids are degraded: Beta Oxidation
A group of enzymes that function as electron carriers in respiration and photosynthesis: Cytochromes
A protein portion of an enzyme, inactive without a co factor: Apoenzyme
A measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme: Turnover Number
A non protein component of an active enzyme: Coenzyme
What is a "Whole enzyme": Holoenzyme
Building of complex molecules. Requires energy ATP Breakdown: Anabolism
Breakdown of organic compounds. Releases energy. ATP synthesis: Catabolism
What are sequences of chemical reactions: Metabolic Pathways
Reduce activation energy of a reaction~Has a three dimensional shape~Interact with a substrate molecule~serve as a catalyst: Enzymes
Enzymes are important in living organisms because they......: bring together reactants or properly orient a molecule for a reaction
What assists an enzyme by accepting or donating matter: coenzyme
What is NAD: Electrons
In bacteriologic media trace elements are required because...: They serve as sources of enzyme cofactors
What does competitive inhibition of enzyme action involve?: Completion with the substrate for binding at the active site
What is ATP?: Adenosine triphosphate. Stroes the energy rec'd from catabolic reactions and releases it later to drive anabolic reactions.
The reaction that is coupled with the oxidation of a substrate...: NAD
Oxidation of glucose involves what 3 stages?: 1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron transport chain
During glycolysis electrons from the oxidation of glucose are transferred to: NAD
NADH formed during glycolysis and in Krebs cycle are...: oxidized when electrons are passed to the electorn transport chain
ATP produced during Krebs cycle is formed by: Substrate level Phosphorylation
In Aerobic electron transport chain what happens last?: Electrons are transferred to Oxegyn
The Proton Motive force is..: An electrochemical gradient formed across a membrane
Unlike Eukaryotes, in prokaryotes chemiosmosis: Occurs at the plasma membrane and not the mitochondria.
What controlls all Enzymes (Protein): DNA
Shapes change when heated because: It is a protein
What is Penose-Phosphate pathway: Heterotrophs use organic molecules as energy and carbon sources needed for nucleic acids.
What is Anaerobic resperation: Bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates
Pyuvic acid accepts electons and is turned into various end products: Fermentation
Glucose to pyruvic acid: Glycolysis
Electons are removed from an organic compound and transferred by an electon transport chain to oxygen: Oxidative phosphrylation
An electron is liberated from chorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain: Photophosphorylation
A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from nicotinic acid. Functions as electron carrier. Is Catabolic: NAD
A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin: ATP synthase
In chemiosmosis, protons can diffuse across a membrane only through special channels that contain this enzyme: FMN
Pyruvic acid loses carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group: Decarboxylation
Glycosis: Embden-Meyerhof
A photosynthetic organism that does not produce oxygen: Anoxygenic
Removal of electrons: Reduction
Uses an inorganic source of energy such as ammonia or elemental sulfur: Chemoautotrophic
A chemoheterotroph that lives on dead organic matter is called: Saprophyte
When an enzyme's active site is occupied at all times by substrate or product molecules it is: Saturated
Cyanide is an example of a general type of inhibitor called: non competative
Sulfa drugs are an example of a type of inhibitor called: Cometator
In substrate level phosphorylation: no oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required
Deamination is: the removal of NH2 from an amnio acid
Decarboxylation is: thr removal of COOH from an amino acid
Substrate is: The substance acted upon by an enzyme
Glucos is usually broken down to pyruvic acid by: Glycolysis
In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl COA then can: enter Krebs cycle
DNA and RNA are made up of repeating units called: Neucleotides
When phosphate is split from ATP: ADP is formed
Tertiary: Most enzymes are in this shape
Where does protein synthesis happen?: In the kitchen (Ribosomes)
One enzyme for each: Chemical reaction
Co Factor: Minerals
Co Enzyme: Vitamins
NAD: Vit B3
FAD: Vit B2
Cellular Respiration: Inorganic
Fermentation: Does not requier Krebs cycle or an electron chain. Organic
Competitive ingibitors: Bind to enzyme active site. Where the puzzle would fit.
Non competitive inhibitors: bind to an allosteric site
Oxidation: removal of electorns
When a molecule is oxidized it loses energy
Reuction: gain of electrons
When a molecule is reduced it gains energy
Redox: When one molecule loses elecrons, another gains them. It is when reduction reactions are paired with oxidation reactions.
Apoenzyme: Enzyme with a portion of a protein
Cofactor or coenzyme: Non protein component
Coenzyme: Intermediat energy carrier from one pathway to another.
Substrate level phosphorylation: direct transfer of phosphate from substrate to ADP to make ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation: involves electron transport chain
Chemiosmosis: production of ATP from DP through electrochemical gradient across a membrane.From a buildup of protons
Photophosphrylation: Converts solar energy into chemical energy
Catabolism: Most micros use glucose or carbs as energy. Lipids and protiens also used.
Cellular resperiation: ATP process food molecules oxidized. Electron transport carriers.
Aerobic respiration: Electron acceptor is O2.
Anaerobic respiration: Acceptor is a inorganic molecule. Only happens in bacteria
Glycolysis: splitting of sugar
Metabolic pathways: sequences of chemical reactions determined by its enzymes that are determined by cells genetic makeup
NADP: Electron carrier. Is anabolic. Requires energy
Co enzyme A: Diriv of B Vit important in synthesis and breakdown of fats in Krebs cycle
Some cofactors are metal ions that may help: Catalyze enzymes, bridging.
Competitive enzyme inhibitor: compete with normal substrate for active size on enzyme
Noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor: decrease ability of normal subsrate to combine with enzyme. Inhibitor changes shape of active site making it nonfunctional.

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 89