Infection Control Part 2
Terms
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- 4 things that effect course of infection
- extent of infection, pathogenicity, virulence, host's susceptibility
- Bodies normal defenses against infection
- normal flora, body system defenses, inflammation
- normal flora
- large numbers of microorganisms that reside on the surface and deep layers of skin
- do normal flora cause disease?
- NO
- suprainfection
- change or elimination of normal bacteria leading to infection
- inflammation
- the bodies cellular response to infection
- What does inflammation do?
- delivers fluid, blood products and nutrients to interstital tissues
- necrotic
- dead or dying
- Signs of inflammation
- swelling, redness, heat, pain, tenderness, loss of function
- Signs of systemic inflammation
- fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, N/V, lymph node enlarge.
- antigen
- foreign material
- Nosocomial Infection
- infection acquired in a healthcare setting
- Community acquired infection
- infection present when admitted to health care facility
- what can decrease incidence of nosocomial infections
- hand washing and aseptic tech.
- Two types of nosocomial infections
- exogenous, endogenous
- exogenous infection
- one resulting from microorganisms outside the body
- endogenous infection
- occurs when normal flora becomes altered and an overgrowth happens
- aseptic technique
- effort to keep ct. as free from exposure to infection causing pathogens as possible
- asepsis
- absence of disease producing microorganisms
- Two types of aseptic technique
- medical asepsis, and surgical asepsis
- Medical asepsis
- procedures used to reduce the number of microo. and prevent spread
- another name for clean technique
- medical asepsis
- Examples of medical asepsis
- hand washing, barrier tech, routine cleaning
- Surgical Sepsis
- prevent microbial contamination
- Another name for surgical asepsis
- sterile technique
- Examples of surgical asepsis
- in surgery
- When is an area considered contaminated in medical asepsis?
- only if it is suspected of containing pathogens
- When is an area considered contaminated in Surgical asepiss?
- if touched by an object that is not sterile
- Can nutrition affect ct. health regarding infection.
- yes
- What might elevated WBC's suggest?
- infection
- Normal lab value for WBC count
- 5000-10000 mm cubed
- Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- up to 15 mm/hr for men and 20 mm/hr women
- Normal iron level
- 60 - 90 ug/100mL
- Normal results for urinalysis?
- nitrite and leukocyte negative; 0-10 WBC
- What does good infection control begin with?
- prevention
- Some prevention tech to help prevent infection
- good nutrition, hygiene, bed rest and immunizations
- Cleaning
- removal of foreign materials from objects
- What does cleaning generally use?
- water, detergent, scrubbing
- When does cleaning occur?
- before disinfection and sterilization
- What processes disrupt the internal functions of microorganisms?
- disinfection and sterilization
- Disinfection
- process that eliminates almost all pathogenic organisms on objects
- What does disinfection not eliminate
- bacterial spore
- Sterilization
- process that eliminates or destroys all forms of microbial life
- How do you control elimination of reservoirs?
- eliminate sources of body fluids,drainage, or solutions that harbor microbes
- How to control portals of exit
- correct handling of body fluids, covering mouth
- Most important and basic technique to control transmission of pathogens
- hand washing
- Do you wash your hands when visably soiled?
- yes
- do you wash your hands before and after ct. contact?
- yes
- what do you do before performing invasive procedures?
- wash hands
- What do you do after removing gloves?
- wash hands
- how long should you wash your hands for?
- 10-15 seconds
- immunocompromised
- compromised immune system
- PPE
- personal protective equipment
- Isolation or barrier protection
- use of PPE
- two tiers of precautions
- standard and transmission based
- what do standard precautions apply to?
- contact with blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, mucous membranes
- 3 types of transmission based precautions
- airborne, droplet, contact
- When do you wear a mask or respirator
- splashing or spraying of blood or body fluids may occur
- What do masks do?
- prevent transmission of infections caused by direct contact with mucous membranes
- When is a mask not effective
- when it is moist
- What do you obtain all cultures with?
- sterile equipment
- What does bagging articles do?
- prevents accidental exposure of personnel to contaminated articles and prevents contamination of surround area
- What goes in red colored bags.
- biohazards
- Order of removing PPE
- gloves, masks, gown, eyewear