Micro Test 1
Terms
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- acidophile
- an organism that grows best at acidic pH values
- autotroph
- an organsim able to utilize CO2 as a sole source of carbon
- chemolithotroph
- an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
- chemoorganotroph
- an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds
- complementary
- nucleic acid sequences that can base-pair with each other. A-T G-C
- conjugation
- Transfer of genes from one porkaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell-to cell contact
- endergonic reaction
- A chemical reaction requiring an input of energy to proceed
- evolutionary distance
- In phylogenetic trees, the sum of the physical distance on a tree separating organisms; this distance is inversely proportional to evolutionary relatedness
- exergonic reaction
- A chemical reaction that proceeds with the liberation of energy
- exons
- The coding sequences in a split gene. Contrast with Introns, the intervening noncoding regions
- extreme halophile
- An organism whose growth is dependent on large amounts (generally greater than 10 percent) of NACL
- extremophile
- An organism that grows optimally under one or more chemical or physical extremes, such as high or low temperature or pH
- fluorescent
- Having the ability to emit light of a certain wavelength when activated by light of another wavelength
- genotype
- The precise genetic constitution of an organism.
- halophile
- An organism requiring salt (NaCl) for growth
- heteroduplex
- A double tranded DNA in which on strand is from one source and the toher strand is from another, usually related, source
- heterotroph
- chemoorganotroph
- hybridization
- The natural formation or artifical construction of a duplex nucleic acid molecule by copmlementary base pariing between two nucleic acid strands derived from different sources
- hyperthermophile
- a prokaryote having a growth termperature optimum of 80 degree Celsius or higher
- introns
- The interveningn noncoding sequences in a split gene. Contrasted with exons, the coding sequences.
- macromolecule
- a large molecule (polymer) formed by the connection of a numer of small molecules(monomers)
- mesophile
- organism living in the temperature range near that of warm-blooded animals, and usually showing a growth temperature optimum between 25 and 40 degrees Celsius
- metazoa
- multicellular organisms
- molecule
- two or more atoms chemically bonded to one another
- monomer, polymer
-
a building block of a polymer
a large molecule formed by polymerization of monomeric units - neutrophile
- an organism that grows best around pH 7
- nucleic acid probe
- a strand of nucleic acid that can be labeled and used to hybridize to a copmlementary moleucle from a mixture of other nucleic acids. In clinical microbiology or microbial ecology, short oligonucleotides of unique sequences used as hybridization probe for identifying pahtogens or other organisms of interest
- nucleotide
- a monomeric unit of nucleic acid , consisiting of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
- operon
- a cluster or genes whose experession is controlled by a single operator. typical of prokaryotic cells
- peptide bond
- a type of covalent bond joining amino acids in a polypeptide