Microbiology- chapters 1-3
Terms
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- Microscopic
- Too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope.
- Macroscopic
- Large enough to be perceived or examined by the unaided eye.
- Immunology
- the branch of biomedicine concerned with the structure and function of the immune system.
- Biotechnology
- The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes
- Eukaryotic
- A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus
- Host
- The animal or plant on which or in which another organism lives
- Nomenclature
- The procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of organisms listed in a taxonomic classification
- Epidemiolgy
- the scientific and medical study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population
- Prokaryotic
- An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Also called moneran.
- Parasite
- An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host
- Taxonomy
- The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships
- Matter
- Something that has mass and exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
- Atom
- A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons
- Proton
- a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron
- Neutron
- an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus
- Electron
- an elementary particle with negative charge
- Element
- A substance composed of atoms having an identical number of protons in each nucleus. Elements cannot be reduced to simpler substances by normal chemical means
- Compound
- A pure, macroscopically homogeneous substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in definite proportions that cannot be separated by physical means
- Chemical bond
- Any of several forces or mechanisms, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal
- Covalent Bond
- A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms
- Nonpolar
- consisting of molecules not having a dipole
- Polar
- Relating to or characterized by a dipole: a polar molecule. Ionizing when dissolved or fused: polar bonds or linkages
- Ionic bond
- a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
- Ion
- An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons
- Cation
- An ion or group of ions having a positive charge and characteristically moving toward the negative electrode in electrolysis
- Anion
- A negatively charged ion, especially the ion that migrates to an anode in electrolysis
- Electrolyte
- A chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium
- Hydrogen bond
- A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule
- Reactant
- A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the start of the reaction
- Product
- A substance resulting from a chemical reaction
- Decomposition
- Separation into constituents by chemical reaction
- Reaction
- A change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances
- Solution
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these
- Solute
- A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount
- Solvent
- Capable of dissolving another substance
- Molecule
- The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces
- Inoculum
- a substance (a virus or toxin or immune serum) that is introduced into the body to produce or increase immunity to a particular disease.
- Medium/media-
- A surrounding environment in which something functions and thrives
- Pure culture
- a culture containing a growth of a single kind of organism free from other organisms
- Mixed culture
- a culture containing a growth of multiple organisms
- Culture
- The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium
- Fastidious
- having complex nutritional requirements <fastidious microorganisms> —used of bacteria that grow only in specially fortified artificial culture media
- Incubation
- The maintenance of controlled environmental conditions for the purpose of favoring the growth or development of microbial or tissue cultures
- Smear
- A sample, as of blood or bacterial cells, spread on a slide for microscopic examination or on the surface of a culture medium
- Field
- The usually circular area in which the image is rendered by the lens system of an optical instrument
- Colony
- A visible growth of microorganisms, usually in a solid or semisolid nutrient medium.
- Synthetic media
- chemically defined media with an exact formula content
- Complex media/nonsynthetic
- contains at least one ingredient which is not chmically definable
- Enriched media
- contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum or special growth factors
- Selective media
- A media that encourages specific microorganism growth
- Differential Media
- Grow several types of microorganisms and are designed to display visible differences among those organisms
- Who developed Microscopy and the Scientific method?
- Leeuwenhoek
- Who is the father of Immunology and developed the Theory of Biogenesis?
- Pasteur
- Semmelweis
- Handwashing prevents the spread of disease
- Lister
- Aseptic surgery
- Koch
- Pure culture techniques, Koch's Postulates
- linnaeus
- Taxonomy