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- Is the williamson ether synthesis an sn1/sn2/e1/e2 reaction?
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- SN2 reaction.
- The Williamson ether synthesis is an SN2 reaction in which an alkoxide ion (OR–) acts as the nucleophile while an alkyl halide serves as the substrate. - In order for a reaction to produce a racemic mixture, what must be true about the product?
- the product formed must possess at least one chiral center and its enantiomers must form in a one-to-one ratio.
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What kind of reagent is used in this reaction; and what peculiarities? -
Grignard reagent;
are generally inert to Grignard reagents and are, in fact, often chosen as solvents for Grignard reactions for that very reason. -
What is the reagent and what does it do? - It will create two equivalents of the achiral compound propionic acid ( NOTE: A CARBOXYLIC ACID) as the permanganate oxidatively cleaves the alkene double bond.
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What product will this reaction yield? - the MARKOVNIKOV ADDITION product 2-chloropropane
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What kind of reaction is this and what other pecularities would you expect? -
- Note that the starting compound is an alcohol and the reagent is HBr so SUBSTITUTION REACTION.
- It should produce a mixture of neopentyl bromide (via substitution of the protonated hydroxyl group by bromide) and 2-bromo-2-methylbutane (via substitution after a 1,2 methyl shift) -
What should you first think about when you do this problem? What should you notice about the reagent? -
- First see that a methylene (CH2) has been added to the double bond.
- Note the lone pair of electrons on the carbon atom.
- This reactive intermediate is most commonly formed by the heat- or light-induced decomposition of diazomethane, as shown in choice E.
- The lone pair of electrons on the carbene intermediate are used together with the _ electrons of the alkene to form the two new single bonds in the cyclopropane product. - What does a pyrimidine look like and what should you for?
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- a heterocyclic analog of benzene containing two nitrogen atoms - What does a purine look like; how many nitrogens?
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See above; has 4 nitrogens. -
What is this compound called? - pyridine
- What is a permanganate?
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The permanganate ion is MnO4−. A permanganate is a compound that contains this group.
Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate ion is a strong oxidizer. - What do permanganates will oxidize primary or benzylic alcohols to the corresponding ________.
- carboxylic acids
- Amide synthesis
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- Amides are commonly formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acids with an amine.
- This is the reaction that forms peptide bonds between amino acids.
- These amides can participate in hydrogen bonding as hydrogen bond acceptors and donors, but do not ionize in aqueous solution, whereas their parent acids and amines are almost completely ionized in solution at neutral pH. - A reaction of bromine with sodium hydroxide forms what _____ in situ. What can this do?
- sodium hydrobromite; OBr-This can produce an amine with one less carbon. It'll convert R-(C=0)-N-R to R-N-R.