owens exam II
Terms
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What are Gram- motile(axial filament)
ex. Treponema pallidum
(Syphilis)
ex. Borrelia burgdorferi
(lyme disease) - Spirochetes
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Aerobec microaerophilic,motile,helical/vibroid
Gram- bacteria - Helicobacter pylori (ulcers)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(UTI, burns, wounds) - Gram- Aerobic rods and cocci
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Legionella pneumophila
(pneumonia) - Gram- Aerobic rods and cocci
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Neisseria Gonorrheae
(gonorrhea)
Neisseria meningitidis
(miningococcal miningitis) - Gram- Aerobic rods and cocci
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Bordetella pertussis
(whooping cough) - Gram- Aerobic rods and cocci
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Escherichia coli
(UTI, indicators of fecal matter, foodborne disease) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Salmonella enteritidis
(Salmonellosis, food poisoning)
Salmonella typhi
(typhoid fever) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Shigella spp.
(Bacillary Dysentary) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(pediatric wards) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Serratia marcescens
(UTI, respiratory tract, Nosocomial Infections) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Yersinia pestis
(Bubonic Plague, Black Death) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Enterobacter aerogenes
(UTI, Nosocomial Infections-Hospital) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Enterobacteriaceae" -
Vibrio cholerae
(cholera) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Vibrionaceae" -
Hemophilus influenzae
(miningitis,otitis media)
*children affected* -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Pasteurellaceae" -
Gardnerella vaginalis
(common cause of vaginitis) -
Facultatively anaerobic gram- rods
"Pasteurellaceae" -
Bacteriodes
(peritonitis) - Anaerobic, gram- straight, curved, helical rods
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Rickettsia rickettsii
(rocky mountain spotted fever) -
gram-
obligate intracellular parasites -
Chlamydia trachomatis
(Trachoma, most common cause of blindness, non-gonococcal urethritis(NGU) -
gram-
obligate intracellular parasites -
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(walking pneumonia) -
no cell wall, highly pleomorphic,very small (100-250nm)
genus - mycoplasm -
Staphylococcus aureus
(boils, Staph Infections) - gram+, cocci
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streptococcus pyogenes
(strept throat) - gram+, cocci
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Streptococcuspneumoniae
(otitis media) - gram+, cocci
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Streptococcus mutans
(dental caries) - gram+, cocci
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Clostridium tetani
(tetanus "lockjaw") - Endospore-forming,gram+ cocci
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Clostridium botulinum
(botulism poisoning) - Endospore-forming,gram+ cocci
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Clostridium perfringens
(gas gangrene) - Endospore-forming,gram+ cocci
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Clostridium difficle
(antibiotic associated colitis) - Endospore-forming,gram+ cocci
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Bacillius anthracis
(anthrax) - Endospore-forming,gram+ rod
- Lactobacillus
- Regular, non-spore forming, gram+ rods
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Corynebacteria diphtheriae
(diphtheria) - Irregular, non-spore forming, gram+ rods
- Mycobacterium tubericulosis
- gram+, aerobic, non-motile, rods,acid fast(Mycolic acid)
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Mycobacterium leprae
(leprosy) - gram+, aerobic, non-motile, rods,acid fast(Mycolic acid)
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Norcardia asteroides
(pulmonary nocardiosis) - Nocardioforms, acid fast
- Halococcus
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Archea
high NaCl - Sulfobolus
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Archea
pH 2.0,temp.>70C sulfur rich hot springs - Methanogens
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Archea
H2 + CO2---> CH4
sewage sludge - Streptomyces
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Actinomycetes
gram+ - Herpesviridae
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Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1&2)
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus CMV)
DNA
Enveloped - Papovaviridae
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Human Papilloma viruses
(genital warts)
DNA
naked -
Human Adenoviruses
(Respiratory/Enteric) -
Adenoviridae
dsDNA
naked - Smallpox virus
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Poxviridae
dsDNA
naked -
Myxoma,Fibroma viruses
(benign tumor, warts) -
Poxviridae
dsDNA
naked -
Hepatitis B virus
(HBV-Serum hepatitis) -
Hepadnaviridae
dsDNA
enveloped -
Human Immunodeficiency virus types 1&2
HIV-1 found in U.S.
HIV-2 found in Africa -
Retroviridae
ssRNA
enveloped -
Influenza viruses
(flu) -
Orthomyxoviridae
ssRNA
enveloped -
Poliovirus
Rhinoviruses(common cold)
Hepatitis A virus HAV
Coxsackievirus(hand,foot and mouth disease) -
Picornaviridae
ssRNA
naked - Racies virus
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Togaviridae
ssRNA
enveloped -
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Respiratory Syncntial virus'
(children) -
Paramyxoviridae
ssRNA
enveloped -
Rotavirus
(infant enteritis) -
Reoviridae
dsRNA
naked - Macronutrients
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elements needed in large amounts
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen
found in food macromolecules - Micronutrients
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elements required in small amounts
Manganese, Zinc, Nickel, Iron - Organic Nutrients
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Hydrocarbon based molecules
synthesized by living cells
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lypids,Nucleic Acids - Inorganic Nutrients
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molecules that are not hydrocarbon based
N2,O2,NH4,CO2,H2O,ZnO -
Binary Fission
(Asexual Reproduction) -
Parent cell divides forming two daughter cells
sometimes cell remain attached formin chains, clusters, etc. - Population
- group of organisms located within a defined area
- Population Growth
- an increase inthe number of "viable" cells
- Generation Time
- a way to express population growth, the average time it takes for a cell to reproduce, generation time is affected by environmental factors (temp. nutrients, etc.)
- Exponential Growth
- Doubling of the population size with each generation of cells produced
- Lag Phase
- slow initial growth due to a readjustment of the genetic machinery to the new environment
- Log Phase
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Greatest rate of population growth
exponential growth - Stationary Phase
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stabalized population
# of viable cells does not change over time
*Birth rate = Death rate* - Death Phase
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population decline
viable # of cells decreases over time - Gracilicutes (thin skin)
- gram- bacteria
- Firmicutes (firm wall)
- gram+ bacteria
- Tenericutes (soft)
- wall-less bacteria
- Medosicutes (false)
- Ancient Unusual Forms of bacteria
- Name the 4 Classification criteria for Bacteria
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1. Morphology
2. Physiological/Biochemical Characteristics
3. Serology
4. Genetic Tests -
Bacteriophage Replication
(Lytic cycle) -
Adsorption
Penetration
Synthesis
Assembly
Release -
Bacteriophage Replication
(Lysogenic cycle) -
Attachment
DNA is injected
DNA incorporated in chromosome
latentcy
induction(chem,energy turn on)
release