Psych 14 Test #1 Study Guide
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- What is one of the earliest writing's on abnormal behavior?
- Reginald Scot's 'Discoverie of Witchcraft' attempted to debunk witchcraft in 1584
- What might one treatment for the mentally disturbed have been in the Golden Age of Greece?
- The disturbed would sleep in temples in the hopes that their dream would reveal the nature of the illness and it's subsequent cure.
- Hippocrates believed that hysteria was caused by a wandering _ _ _ _ _ _
- Uterus.
- One of the most influential Greek physicians praticing in Rome during the 2nd century AD was _ _ _ _ _
- Galen.
- Who is credicted with coining the term "lunatic?"
- Paracelsus, a Swiss physician.
- Who wrote 'Discoverie of Witchcraft', a text that refuted the existence of witches in 1584?
- Reginald Scot
- At the beginning of the Renaissance, this priest declared, "Mental disease is no different to bodily disease..."
- St. Vincent De Paul
- San Hipolito, first asylum established in the Americas was in _________ in 1566.
- Mexico.
- Who was the first reformer of asylums during the Enlightenment?
- Phillippe Pinel.
- The first mental hospital in what would become the United States was constructed in Williamsburg, Virginia in what year?
- 1771.
- This woman carried on a forty-year campaign for the better treatment of the mentally ill and is credited with establishing 32 "humane" mental hospitals.
- Dorothea Dix
- What was the earliest effective treatment of syphilis?
- Infecting the patient with malaria so the subsequent high fever kills the syphilitic bacteria, then treat the malaria.
- Sigmund Freud was a this kind of physician.
- Neurologist.
- Those who believed that hysteria was caused by the power of suggestion and was related to the phenomenon of hypnosis belonged to the _ _ _ _ _ school.
- Nancy
- This leading neurologist of This late 1800's believed that hysteria was due to degenerative changes in the brain.
- Jean Charcot
- The emotional release experienced by Freud and Breur's patients after emotional sessions was termed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- Catharsis.
- Freud was introduced to the American scientists and public by giving lectures at Clark University in what year?
- 1909.
- What is Jerome Wakefield's definition of what constitutes a mental disorder?
-
A mental disorder/condition that:
a) causes significant distress/disability
b) is not merely an expectable response to a particular event and
c) is not a manifestation of a mental dysfunction. - What are the most recent diagnostic systems?
-
ICD-9
DSM IV and DSM IV-R - Which psychological perspective rose up to challenge psychoanalysis in the first half of the 20th century?
- Behaviorism.
- John B. Watson argued that the focus of psychology ought to be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- Behavior.
- According to the text, what descriptions are often included in the judgement of abnormality?
-
-Deviant
-Different
-Disordered
-Bizarre - What perecentage of adults suffer from at least one mental disorder during any six-motn period of time?
- 19%
- The first of the DSMs was published in what year?
- 1952.
- What are the problems in citing "Battered Spouse Syndrome" as a defense in a murder case?
-
-Only a small percentage of battered spouses retaliate.
-There's no way to determine who which percentage murders and which doesn't.
-There are more legally acceptable self defense claims than Battered Spouse Syndrome. - The prevalence of schizophrenia is about __% world-wide.
- 1%
- The peak age of onset of schizophrenia is in what age group?
- Mid-teens to mid-twenties.
- What can be said of the relationship between gender and schizophrenia?
- Occurence is approximately equal across the sexes, although there is frequently a milder course in women as well as a a generally later onset of about six years.
- Schizophrenia with the predominant symptoms being withdrawal, decreased motivation, and catatonic stupor would be a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ schizophrenia.
- Catatonic.
- "Cognitive slippage" and "derailment" are terms sometimes used to describe what characteristic of some schizophrenics?
- Disorganized speech, "word salad", formal thought disorder.
- "James" has schizophrenia. He suddenly finds his mind has gone blank. If he had a delusional explaination for the event, it would most likely be of what type?
- Thought withdrawal.
- "Jerry" has schizophrenia. If he believes that ideas are being placed into his mind by space aliens, what sort of delusion might he have?
- Thought insertion.
- What is the most common form of hallucination in schizophrenia?
- Auditory hallucinations.
- A disturbance in motor behavior is the chief and defining characteristic in what type of schizophrenia?
- Catatonic schizophrenia.
- What type of schizophrenia do we find a person who meets the basic schizophrenia criteria but does not fit into any other defined subtype?
- Delusional schizophrenia.
- Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by what defining characteristic?
- Delusions of persecution and/or megalomania.
- "Sam" sees a car with Florida license plates and believes it was put there deliberately to tell him to go to Florida. What sort of delusion does he have?
- Delusion of reference.
- A patient says "In a fish shell, one has meaninglessness to impart, only above which one can reach the plane." What should you suspect?
- Disorganized speech/word salad/formal thought disorder/cognitive slippage.
- What are some -negative- symptoms of schizophrenia?
-
-affective flattening
-alogia
-avolition/apathy
-anhedonia/asociality
-attentional impairment - Which type of schizophrenia has the worst prognosis?
-
Disorganized schizophrenia
aka
Hebephrenia - Schizophrenia has been recognized since what year?
- 1857
- Paranoid schizophrenia occurs more often in _ _ _
- Men.
- "Original" causes (like genes) are known as what?
- Genetic variables.
- Thorazine is a member of what family?
- Phenothiazine family.
- What are some premorbid factors for schizophrenia?
-
-Schizophrenic relative
-Biologically older father
-History of prenatal disruption.
-Slowed reaction time
-Low birth weight/low IQ
-Early role as family scapegoat
-Inconsistent/extreme parenting
-Peer rejection
-Inability to form stable relationships - This term denotes a loss of contact with reality.
- Psychosis.
- "Joe" believes that the actress Angelina Jolie is in love with him, though the two have never met. Joe might be suffering what kind of delusion?
- Erotomanic delusion.
- "Bill" believes he is Jesus Christ. Upon review, you find no abnormalities unless you happened upon that topic. Assuming he isn't Jesus, you might suspect he suffers from what?
- Grandoise delusion.
- What are some positive prognostic signs in schizphrenia?
-
-History of stable sexual-social relationships.
-Negative symptoms are absent.
-Family history of affective (over schizophrenic)disorder.
-Abrupt onset, clear causes.
-Later onset than childhood.
-Higher socioeconominc status
-Adequate premorbid school/work adjustment.
-Short hospital stay.
-No history of E.C.T.
-Stimulation-receptive
-Lower levels of expressed emotion upon hospital release. - What are some premorbid factors ins chizophrenia
-
-Schizophrenic relative.
-History of prenatal disruption
-Slowed perceptual reaction time
-Developmental/CNS dysfunction, rapid recovery of ANS, decresed temporal lobe size, enlarged lateral cerebral ventricles.
-Low birth weight/low IQ
-Early role as family scapegoat
-Inconsistent and extreme parenting.
-Peer rejection
Early behavioral problems.
-Inability to form stable relationships.