History Final
Terms
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- dixiecrats
- political party from the south that broke off from the democrats, due to the issue of race
- Iran Hostage Crisis
- contributed to the defeat of Carter in the 1980 election
- Rwanda
- the area of Africa in which genecide was discovered in 1994
- AIDS
- disease which was highlighted by a memorial quilt in 1967
- sputnik
- launched by the Soviet Union to orbit the earth
- civil rights act of 1957
- act which outlawed attempted to prohibit qualified voters from voting
- Montgomery Improvement Association
- organization whose spokesman was MLK Jr. They spoke out in favor of the bus boycott
- baby boom
- population increase that resulted from younger marriages and led to an emphasis on parenting
- gerald ford
- president who pardoned Nixon and Vietnam draft dodgers
- Black Power
- movement that urged African Americans to gain control of political and economic power by force if necessary
- 38th parallel
- where north and south korea were divided into american and soviet occupied zones. north=communist, south=democracy
- Ho Chi Minh Trail
- important supply route for North Vietnam soldiers
- Medicare
- National healthcare insurance for those 65 or older
- Thomas-Hill hearings
- sexual harrasment hearing in 1993 between Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas(potential Supreme Court Justice)
- camp david accords
- first signed peace agreement betweet Egypt and Israel
- enviromental protection agency
- (EPA) organization developed to protect the enviroment
- kent state
- campus in ohio where 4 students were killed in an anti-war protest by the national guard
- Adolph Hitler
- used the spoken word to rise to power in Germany
- woodstock
- major music event which represented the best and worst of the counterculture
- civil rights act of 1964
- act that prohibited discrimination in jobs and public housing
- totalitarianism
- gov. controlled by a single person/party who controls every aspect of life
- consumerism
- purchasing a lot of material goods
- Operation Desert Storm
- US protection of Kuwait in 1990
- G.I. Bill of Rights
- it gave veterans money for housing and education
- chernobyl
- worst nuclear accident ever in Ukraine. 31 died immediately -300 injured
- MLK Jr.
- led montgomery improvement association, made it his goal in life to end racial injustice
- Terroism
- TWAFlight 847- bound for Rome from GReece and was hijacked with 153 passengers on board. PAN AM Flight 103- exploded over Scotland, killing 259 passengers
- armistice agreement
- signed september 2, 1945 on board battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay
- Ronald Reagan
- president who was shot in 1981 by a man trying to impresss actress Jodi Foster
- united nations
- created in 1945 to promote international peace
- Oklahoma City bombing
- occurred in 1995, first act of domestic terroism by an American
- little rock nine
- nine african american students who attempted to integrate Central High and met with some opposition
- family medical leave act
- law requiring buisnesses to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies
- Head Start Program
- Great society program that offered a preschool education to those who could not afford it
- fascism
- a gov. characterized by racism and militarism. it is a repressive one party dictatorship
- Berlin airlift
- successful because it embarrased the Soviets
- fall of the berlin wall
- (1989) communist gov. failed and croweds left east germany as people dismantled the wall
- rosa parks
- refused to give up her seat on abus to a white man and was arrested
- perestroika
- a restructuring of the soviet economy which lead to the fall of communism
- domino theory
- if one country falls to communism, others may fall more easily
- richard nixon
- first president to visit china. resigned due to the watergate scandal
- The National Defense Education Act
- appropriated money to improve math, science, and foreign language education
- internment camps
- camps on the west coast where US government placed Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor because we thought they could be spies
- Warren Commission
- investigated the assasination of JFK
- Allied Powers
- Great Britain, Russia, France, US
- brinkmanship
- the ability to get to the verge of war, without actually entering one
- berlin blockade
- "berlin wall" in 1948 the soviets blockaded Berlin in an effort to keep communism in East Germany
- iran hostage crisis
- the Shah of Iran (ally of the US) came to the US after a revolution in Iran and armed students took 52 american hostages in Iran
- silent generation
- youth of the 50's that seemed to conform to middle class culture without question
- Equal rights amendment
- (ERA) women were encouraged to fight for more rights and lobbied to have this amendment passed
- Thurgood Marshall
- NAACP lawyer who suggested segregation was damaging to African American children
- role of women
- cook, clean, raise the kids
- Marshall Plan
- pledged billions of $ to Europe to prevent consumerism
- OPEC
- (organization of Petroleum/oil exporting countries) quadrupled oil prices in the seventies
- Bosnia
- 1992 Bosnia voted on independence but the Serbs were against it. A civil war broke out and the Serbs used ethnic cleansing to remove all non-Serbs from their territory
- atomic bomb/manhattan project
- used to end the war quickly, developed in manhattan-tested in new mexico
- pearl harbor
- december 7, 1941 Japan attacks Hawaii because we cut off oil trade when they wouldnt leave Manchuria
- cloning
- dolly the sheep was cloned in 1998
- three smile island
- nuclear power plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvannia which failed, causing radiation to be admitted in the air
- Jimmy Carter
- Human rights was his foreign policy focus (apartheid)
- tonkin gulf resolution
- 1st time a president declared an act of war without the consent of congress (johnson)
- Holocaust
- 2/3 (6,000,000) Jews exterminated by the Nazi's
- watergate
- scandal which led to the resgnation of Nixon
- student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC)
- peacefully protested against racial discrimination and the Vietnam War
- urban renewal
- replacing old rundown buildings with new ones
- Apartheid
- rigid separation of races in South Africa - Carter condemned it
- explorer 1
- first satellite launched by the US
- Y2K
- fear that no electronics would work due to not switching to the year 2000
- southern christian leadership conference
- group that focused on ending racial discrimination peacefully
- lend-lease act
- allowed the US to provide arms and supplies to the Allies before we entered the war
- beatniks
- free thinking poets/writers who rejected conformity
- reaganomics
- Trickle Down Ecomonics
- containment
- preventing the spread of communism
- General MacArthur
- Person who disagreed with Truman on his Korea policy and was fired
- SDS
- Students for Democratic Society. A radical student group who organized the first anti-war protest in Washington DC
- glasnost
- policy of allowing more open criticism of the soviet government
- native Americans
- ethnic group pressured to move to cities as a result of termination
- cold war
- US and Soviet Union conflict in which they would block each others goals around the world
- Medicade
- National health care for the needy
- star wars
- cold war defense plan put in space (Reagan)
- counterculture
- hippie movement characterized by heavy drug use and casual sex
- Bay of Pigs
- invasion planned by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro
- tiananmen square
- (1989) Univeersity students in china protested wanting freedom of speech and a greater say in their government. China's leader ordered the military to slaughter the students
- realpolitik
- nixon's belief in putting National interests before all else
- Nelson Mandela
- A leader who was freed in South Africa in 1990 and struggled to end aparthide
- brown v. the board of education
- supreme court case that states, "separate educational facilities are not equal"
- challenger
- space shuttle which exploded in 1986
- Sandra DayO'Connor
- first female supreme court justice
- styles of dress
- poodle skirts, cardigans, capris, bermuda shorts, leather jackets
- flexible response
- JFKs policy that provided several options for handling Cold War issue
- Tet Offensive
- Vietnamese New Year where the North attacked the South-as a result, Americans began heavily protesting against Vietnam
- Axis Powers
- germany, italy, japan
- vietnam memorial
- memorial to vietnam veterans entitled "Dark Silence" Completed in 1984
- berlin wall
- separated east and west berlin from 1961 to 1989. built by communist east berlin to porevent citizens from fleeing to the west
- affirmative action
- policy put into place to erase former discrimination on the basis of race and gender
- Bill Clinton
- won election of 1992, was impeached due to the Monica Lewinski scandal and was later acquitted
- McCarthyism
- Joseph McCarthy spread the fear of communism in the US
- D-day (operation overlord)
- helped allies establish a base from which they swept the Germans out of France
- nuremberg trials
- established the principal that individuals can be held responsible for wartime conduct
- freedom summer
- project that helped register African Americans to vote
- iran-contra affair
- involved funding guerilla forces in Nicaragua in exchange for hostages
- appeasement
- policy of giving into the demands of a hostile nation in hope of avoiding war
- Cuban Missle Crisis
- Soviets placed missiles in Cuba aimed at the US- it was 13 days of potential nuclear war
- nazism
- gov. in Germany during WWII
- Peace Corps
- New Frontier Program that sent volunteers to developing nations for 2 yrs.
- automation
- affected businesses by increased productivity
- arms race
- matching another country's production of weapons
- INF Treaty
- agreement which eliminated all medium range nuclear weapons