6th grade Science Exam FRA

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Waves of energy that are released during an earthquake: seismic waves
6 ways rocks and minerals are weathered: water, wind, heat, plants, ice, gravity
The point at which an earthquake begins is the: epicenter
Hardness of quartz: 7
How do plates move?: Convection currents coming from the mantle moving the crust
The way a mineral shines or does not shine is called what?: luster
What are changes to the earth called that alter the shape of the land?: weathering, done by water and plant growth
Haardness of calcite: 3
What is a result of global cooling from volcanoes?: Beautiful sunsets
MOst tsunamis are caused by ________________on the ocean floor: earthquakes
Has been continuously erupting for many years, shield cone, Hawaii: Kilauea
Two minerals that have a cleavage are:: pyrite and halite
How a mineral shatters unevenly: fracture
Sand: sandstone
Who came up with the theory of drifting continents?: Alfred Wegener
Rivers of ice, known as _____________, can dig up & carry away large amounts of rock.: glaciers
Violent eruption in 1980, composite cone, in Washington State: Mt. St. Helens
Crushed shells: limestone
A huge crack that runs through most of CA that separates the North American and Pacific plates: San Andreas fault
Name the rock that is formed: intrusive, cooled slowly, large crystals: granite
What is it called when one plate moves into another plate?: convergent
Mountain formed from colled lava, ashes, cinders and rock: cone
Hardness of talc: 1
They identify how old a fossil is by: how deep it is and what layer of earth it is in
Mud or clay: shale
What happens when too much debris & ash from a volcano get up into the atmosphere?: Global cooling
Earthquake waves are recorded by a: seismograph
Mt. St. Helens is what kind of volcano?: composite cone
Scients believe continents & ocean floor rest on huge blocks of rock. This theory is called what?: plate tectonics
The 10 plates are:: NA plate, SA plate, Nazca plate, Cocos plate, Pacific plate, Australian plate, Eurasian plate, African plate, Arabian plate, Somalian plate, Antartic plate, Scotia plate
Glass has a hardness of what number?: 5
This used to be granite: gneiss
Hardness of flourite: 4
How heavy or light a mineral is called it ________________?: weight
This used to be shale: slate
Your fingernail has a hardness of what number?: 2.5
Beneath the crust is the largest part of the earth. What is it called?: The mantle
Erupted in 1943 in cornfield, cinder cone, located in Mexico: Paricutin
What are lichens?: plants that grow on rock
Hot molten rock outside the earth: lava
Which kind of fossil consists of an insect that became stuck in tree resin?: amber
Which kind of fossil formed when minerals changed the hard parts of an organism into stone?: petrification
Name the 3 types of faults: normal fault, reverse fault and strike-slip fault
Three types of volcanic cones: shield or lava cone, cinder cone, composite or strato cone
Composite or strato cone is made of: rock, ash, cinder and lava in layers
What is it called when one plate slips past another?: transform
A horizontal igneous formation formed from colled magma: sill
What is is called when one plate moves away from another plate?: divergent
How is igneous rock formed?: from intense heat
Paricutin is what kind of volcano?: cinder cone
What are two other ways that some minerals may be identified?: smell, taste
Rocks move along a break called a: fault
Hot molten rock inside the earth: magma
Crumbled shells: coquina
Cinder cone is made of: rock, ash, cinders
Names the least deadliest earthquake waves?: P waves
What are the deadliest things an earthquake can cause?: Tsunamis, avalanches, landslides, fires
The opening of a volcano where lava comes out: crater
A verticle igneous formation formed from colled magma: dike
A large circular depression within a volcano's summit is called: a caldera
A solid, inorganic substance found naturally in the earth is called what?: a mineral
When a mass of magma pushes up the earth's surface and cools forming a dome: laccolith
What is it called when loose bits of rock, sand & soil are carried away?: erosion
An orderly arrangement of atoms is called a __________________?: crystal
Name the deadliest wave that comes from an earthquake?: L waves
What is the top layer of our earth?: The crust
What comes out of composite cone volcano?: sometimes a sticky lava and sometimes lava, cinders, ash and debris
What comes out of a shield cone volcano?: a liquid lava
Which kind of fossil consists of a hollowed space in the shape of an organism?: Mold fossil
Shield or lava cone is made of: fluid lava
What are two things that are produced whent he pieces of the earth's crust move?: volcanoes and earthquakes
The study of the earth's crust is called what?: geology
Small particles that settle to the bottom of water in layers is called?: sediment
A dull, black rock with small crystals: basalt
Are volcanoes formed by hot spots near each other or far away from each other?: They are near each other
Hardness of gypsum: 2
In order for crystals to form, there must be enough: time and space
Where did the astroid theory come from?: A big crater was found in Mexico full of iridium, which is rare on earth, but common in asteroids. The debris from the asteroid went into the atmosphere and caused an ice age, killing plants and herbivores, causing death.
A scientist that studies rocks and fossils: paleontologist
Vibration of Earth caused by sudden release of energy stored in the crust: earthquake
Where was "The Big One": San Francisco
What comes out of a cinder cone volcano?: cinders, ash and a sticky lava
Igneous rocks are formed from what?: magma and lava
5 potential disasters of volcanoes: lava flow, tidal wave, mud slide, land slide, deadly gases
Scientists believe the earth used to be one large continent, but over time broke apart into 7 continents. What do they call this process of breaking apart?: continental drift
Rocks & pebbles: conglomerate
The strength of an earthquake is called its: magnitude
What is a type of rock found in layers made from particles cemented together?: sedimentary
What are three types of luster we have studied?: metalic, earthy, glassy
Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled quickly, small crystals: basalt
A penny had a hardness of what number?: 3
What are 2 types of cleavage we have studied?: cubis and basal
Name two types of igneous rocks?: Intrusive & Extrusive
The five types of fossils: mold, cast, intact, imprint, petrified
The main shock of an earthquake may be followed by an: aftershock
Erupted in prehistoric time, composite cone, described as "Volcano within a Volcano", Oregon: Crater Lake
A type of rock changed by heat and pressure?: metamorphic
How can engineers make houses stronger?: Rubber pillars that can withstand extreme shaking
Decayed plants and animals: Coal
Steel has a hardness of what number?: 6
What was the Richter Scale reading of "The Big One": 8.3
When a volcano erupts violently, sometimes it forms what?: a caldera
Hardness of galena: 2.5
The word igneous means what?: fire
What is the lithosphere?: layer of solid rock
How many earthquakes have occurred in CA in the last 250 years?: 11
Identify halite by color: colorless
A type of rock made from hardened magma or lava is called what?: igneous
This used to be sandstone: quartzite
Color streak of flourite: white
What is it called when hot molten rock from inside the earth escapes and erupts?: volcano
Identify galena by color: black silver
The Richter scale measures the ___________________of an earthquake: magnitude
4 factors that can affect how much damage an earthquake does: population, time of day, kind of rock and soil in the area, kind of buildings in the area
Name the 2nd deadliest earthquake waves?: S waves
5 Effects of earthquakes: avalanches, shaking, tsunamis, rescue work to remove trapped victims, fires
The inner core of the earth may have temperatures reaching how high?: 5500 degrees celsius
This used to be limeston: marble
Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled when lave had air and gas bubbles: scoria and pumice
How many earthquakes have occurred in the connected United States in the last 250 years?: 26
What are the two separate parts of the core?: The outer core and the inner core
Color streak of pyrite: black
Identify sulfur by color: lime yellow
Most destructive seismic waves are: L waves
What is the hardest mineral of all?: diamond
Which kind of fossil formed when minerals slowly moved into the space left when an organism decayed?: cast fossil
How easily a mineral can be scratched is called what?: hardness
A super continent that existed over 200 million years ago: Pangaea
color streak of galena: black
Kiluaea is what kind of volcano?: shield cone
If a rock cools slowly, what size are its crystals?: big
This type of igneous rock is formed outside the earth from lava: Extrusive
About how old is the earth: 4.5 billion years old
What cities did Mr. Vesuvius destroy?: Pompeii and Herculaneum
Where is the point directly above the focus?: the epicenter
Erupted 1991, composite cone, located in the "Ring of Fire" in the Phillipines: Pinatubo
When you go deeper in the earth, does the temperature rise or fall?: rises
A huge mass of magma that cools under the earth's surface to form rock: batholith
The underground point of origin of an earthquake where the rocks break and move: focus
Name the rock that is formed: extrusive, cooled very quickly, no crystals: obsidian
A solid, inorganic substance found naturally in the earth made of two or more minerals is called what?: a rock
What are 3 requirements of a mineral?: solid, inorganic, found naturally from earth
This type of igneous rock is formed inside the earth from magma: Intrusive
3 good things we get from volcanoes?: more rocks, fertile soil, more land
Where does an earthquake begin?: focus

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Number of cards 145